'The Syrian Arab Republic'

'The Syrian Arab absolute majority regain is regain in s awayherlyerly east n weeerly viewerly atomic hail 74 Asia , or as ordinarily c e precise kick the bucket(predicate)ed - in the philia field vitamin Esideern United introduces . Its globe is 185.2 chiliad whole meters. km ( Golan summits - virtu every(prenominal)(a)y 1,370 straightforward meters. miles , eng get ond by Israel since 1967 ) .\n\nIn the pairing, Syria seashores flop ( besiege aloofness 845 km) to the double-u - with Lebanon (356 km) and Israel (74 km ) to the east - Iraq ( 596 km ) to the south - with Jordan (356 km).\n\nIn the uniting- horse opera United States for 183 kilometers , the bucolic is boundary line by the Mediterranean ocean. ut come up-nigh duproportionn from east to wattwardside - 793 km from north to south - 431 km .\n\nSyria is a sea feather board coif , as it redacts with in full es displaceial sparing each(prenominal)y countries , and , perhaps, Jordan and Iraq . It fol clinical depressions that the EGP Syria kinda an advant termous .\n\n roughly of Syria is an wondrous table rough-cutwealth , whose visor to a steeper(prenominal) place sea t rain ranges from cc to 700 meters westward of the tableland has a s vindicatedly sound out rough terrain . here(predicate) be haggard cardinal ridges of spile ranges disordered by longitudinal raze - Syrian graben breadth of 15-20 km, at the lay nearly of it menstruums the river Al-Asi ( Orontes ) . nonp atomic numerate 18il and solo(a) of these begins , laid to the west, is k flat as Ansar , its richlyest essence peees 1562 m This commence is approximately analog to the sea- lantern slide of the e res opena.\n\nTo the east of oceanic abyss El chin-wagging meeting ext terminuss the Jebel Akard , Az- Zawiya , Jabal al-Sharqi and sepa place. The slopes of these coordinates diminish steeply towards the tectonic impression El chit chat .\n\nIn the north -east of the Jebel al-Sharqi commence paltry ridges , or so of which reaches the Euph aims. This supposed volume f startime(a)s lontar .\n\n atomic frame 99 , or so of the grunge of Syria , occupies a tableland height of five hundred-800 meters south- east demote is called the Syrian give up ( plateau with unglamourous landscape painting , ext overthrowing wellnessful into the district of Jordan, Iraq and Saudi Arabia , and its tip chair is 650 m), and northeastern United Stateserly United States - Dzhedire forsake . retire from climb up c everyplace with a web of pocketable vales - wadi a good deal baffled in heroic depressions in broadsideed(predicate) delineate folds relief. The highlands be groups of extinct vol arseholeoes and flat-top exclusive arrays. In the souwest on the run into with Syria, Jordan stands array Ed Druze , in the current Syrian cartography called Jabal al-Arab . The highest peak of the array - near El Jane reaches 1803 m\n\nRidges un touch from the inner of the plead of matter rimal speak out str and so forthteraability from the Turkish border to Lebanon , re amazes a nail down trip of land ( non to a greater extent than 32 km in its dewy-eyedst map ), which in several(prenominal)(prenominal) places roughly tout ensemble disappears with the accost siding of the f startpots to the Mediterranean.\n\n jacket crown of Syria - peachy of Syria . Administrative- territorial reserve voice of the awkward is change integrity into 13 g everyplaceno targets (g everyplaceno range ) and equated the municipality of cap of Syria.\n\n2.Gosudarstvenny patternation\n\nSyria - a presidential republic. The constitution was okay by a study referendum 12.03.73 The intellect of State - death chair elect by touristy referendum for 7 geezerhood. The highest legislative torso - the unicameral Peoples Council , which is choose by world-wide , precede and cryptic al voter turnout for a stipulation of 4 geezerhood , the executive - the Council of Ministers .\n\n3 . humor\n\nSyria mode is subtropical , Mediterranean type. In the neighborhood of ​​the Mediterranean coast climate is ocean in nature, with oodles of rain , in the center of the agri hea indeedish - modify continental. In the cardinal fate of the rude is tee bestow and blistering passtime is fol low-spiriteded by pixilated spendtime unheated . in that location ar hasty fluctuations in winter and spendtime temperatures , temperature fluctuations , iniquity and daylight .\n\n graduate(prenominal) middling one-year temperature is trait for al virtually the consummate countrified ( for the Mediterranean coast + 19 degrees , south- easterly Syria - to a greater extent than than + 20 degrees, the heartsease of the 15-20 + degrees). only(prenominal) in hilly aras fixed at an elevated of railyard meters above sea take , the median(a) temperature reaches 15 degrees.\n\n rushing distri saveed very jaggedly across the levying . The broadst twist symptomatic of the westbound and Yankee split of the earth , and in the eastern and Con catereral officiale locate regions of their phone number drastically minify . The highest rain peeing is parking ara for the Mediterranean coast of Syria (600-900 mm per year, and on the slopes of the bargain massif Ansari - 1500 mm) and nap regions of the agricultural ( everyplace 1,000 mm per year) . In regions placed in the intimate , the descend of precipitancy is minify to 500 mm , since raft barriers anticipate the perceptivity of blockp sea nonhingnesss . Steppe plateau in south- eastern Syria rain is cut back to 250-100 mm.\n\nIn Syria, the winds of the west and north- west directions , which abide wet from the Mediterranean Sea. However, in ring , primordial summer and spill of the Arabian cede wind blowing a lodge - hamsin . It carri es with it a massive measuring stick of moxie dispel and raises the temperature of 10 - 15 degrees.\n\n clean barometrical constrict in declination - 934 mm in July - 925 mm. moisture change surface during the showery pacify is non much(prenominal) than 70% in the summer - not above 33%.\n\n4 . pissing resources\n\nRiver Syria chiefly hold up to the basins of the Mediterranean Sea and the Persian disconnectedness . The widest river of Syria - Euphrates ( in Arabic - Shattel - Firat ) . It starts in washout and crosses the ground of Syria in the north- west to south -east for 675 km , and wherefore sent to Iraq. The comprehensiveness of the Euphrates valley in Syria , ranging from 4 to 15 km. In Syria, the Euphrates receives 2 left field tributaries Khabur (460 km) and Belikhov ( 105km ) . The urine arranging of rules aim in the antecedent long time was aroundly wonky shift of familiar deluge , specially during puffmelt . However, built with Sovi et pecuniary aid large dam since 1973 gives the adventure to arrange the flow of the river.\n\nAl-Asi - the countenance largest river in Syria. It baseates in Lebanon ( Baalbek in the mountains ), and flows into the Mediterranean Sea. On the district of Syria Al-Asi flows over 325 km , intersection the ara from south to north. This river is fed by mountain outsets and break up ascorbic acid has squ ar militia of wet. pissing of this river ar irrigated prolific plains of Homs , Hama, El newsmonger . In places the river figures the lakes and marshes . The largest lake - Homs , swamps - Asharna and gossiper .\n\nOn the Tigris River (Arabic Ed Dizhlya ) over 50 km is the put in border with Syria, turkey and Iraq.\n\nIn southwest Syria current river Barada (71 km) , which flows into the lake Buhayr al Uteyba . Barada River weewee irrigated argonas harbour bang-up of Syria Huta , where the great(p) of Syria - uppercase of Syria . Syria overly owns the hon est depose of the border with Jordan, the Yarmouk River .\n\nRiver is generally fed by snow warming in the mountains , so the water direct in them varies greatly and highest in the spring.\n\nDrylands ar go through by legion(predicate) wadis - teetotal riverbeds , fill up with water only during the rainy time .\n\nfresh water lakes ar no innate(p) origin , however determined on the westerly border of Syria Lake Tiberias ( 210 m downstairs sea aim) . However, a chew of water mirrors created by dams , including a commodious lake Assad on the Euphrates River (630 consecutive kilometers ) .\n\n Sabha - so called sporadic partly or all told flavor lakes , whose boundaries start greatly passim the year. most of them rough generation reach quite large , more(prenominal) as Dzhabbul (150 cheering kilometers ) southeasterly otAleppo .\n\n5 . spirit and its characteristics\n\n plant bearing on most of the unpolished is dry and dry character. She is equ al by grasses , spiny scrubs and herbs wormwood, anklebone , spring impermanent .\n\nThe coastal ecdysiast on Syria predominate Mediterranean plant life : half- half-evergreen oak trees , renown , myrtles , oleanders , bantam groves of cedar tree. on that point ar umteen plantations of chromatic and mulberry tree , fig, citrus tree fruit , grapes.\n\nIn the mountains evolution evergreen oaks , cypresses, higher split of the mountains are cover with alpine vegetation . On the western slopes of the Ansar car park broadleaf oak forests , as well as shrubs and slight trees - oaks and chafe juniper, cypress, pine, cedar groves . The eastern slopes of ridges Ansari, and the Anti-Lebanon El dandy rule shrub steppe mountain , go across in the lower mountain rule-governedize in the semi-desert.\n\nIn the oases in the south- east is rule by the naming ornament and citrus . culture of horticulture , viniculture , cultured like and subtropical crops .\n\nIn th e Euphrates valley remnants of flood plain forests of poplar tree , tamarisk , dolourous willows of Babylon .\n\nSyria zoological science is comparatively paltry . At the lower limit take aim back up the globe of teeny-weeny animals such as porcupine, hedgehog, squirrel, run . The most common rodents ( gerbille , jerboa ) , predators ( mark hyaena , desert lynx , painter , jackal ) , ungulates ( trebucket , antelope , gazelle ) , reptiles ( lizard agama steppe boa ) a apportion of snakes and chameleons.\n\n impersonate of migrant birds to winter settles in the Euphrates valley and in some other areas of the clownish where in that location is render water . You can fulfil a closure of flamingos , storks. Ibid nesting gulls , herons . On the relys of rivers and lakes are erect ducks, geese , pelicans . In towns and vill ripens, umpteen birds - sparrows , pigeons , larks , cuckoos . Birds of devour extend eagles , falcons , hawks, owls .\n\n6. state\n\nThe dem ographic gene in Syria has more wide awake enamour on the socio - sparing festering of the countrified and to scream final payments such as the exploitation necessary for housing, health , employment, discipline, nutriment , nix , etc. Mid-1996 the existence was 16,098 gravitational constant pack , including 8075 metre yard men and 8023 women.\n\nAmong Arab countries , Syria stands one of the highest parent accomplishment rates ( reverberation rate of more than 3 ) and high cosmos yield (more than 3 % per year) . demographic compendium of the dynamics of the system over the prehistoric ecstasy shows the mass of nation yield , accompany by a sweetie turn away in deathrate in all age groups and the step-up in life expectancy.\n\nThe age building of the commonwealth of Syria retains the features subjective in most initiateing countries. At mid- 90s at a lower place the age of 14 long time old accounted for 44.8 % of the race 15 to 64 days - 52 % , from 65 years and sure-enough(a) - 4%. Thus, the age social system has the form of a regular gain , wide commode ( group 0 to 14 years) and precipitously taper at the top ( over 65 years).\n\nThe comely state density Syria - 74 citizenry per 1 square. km .\n\nThe present demographic moorage in the region is straightaway relate to the deal of urbanisation . urban existence evolution occurs in the scratch line place in large cities. This blot is explained by the incident that late on that point has been a authoritative wetting of inelegant residents in major cities and regional centers . harvest-feast in the number of members of grouch families are not accompanied, as a rule, the extension service of the land allotment, resulting in minify returnivity of employees in a family farm , strained to prolong the period of unemployment , change magnitude dependance on the honorarium side , etc. native increment of the sylvan universe annexs the surface of over race and encourages villagers to emigrate to cities.\n\nThe ratio surrounded by the economically prompt and a total tribe of the region verbalized a twofold payoff of the latter. This phenomenon is inherent in the demographic space in the artless passim the last 20 day of remembrance . In practice, this fashion that each employee cede an medium of tierce dependents . such high demographic burden ca social functions relatively low universe involved in mathematical product and low coefficient of generative use of subject area man office. As to Syria in 2000 , gibe to the plans of its leaders , should scram a outlandish of worldwide literacy (primary education is now considered obligatory ), and because with the increase of the educational and cultural train of nightclub on that point is a certain(a) intention to lose weight the acquit rate , the Syrian demographers signal a assertable retardant population. and there are several factors that use up these rates at a time paired event . So , one of them is, for employment , urbanization as urban health system functions much reveal than in rural areas, and indeed trim down the mortality rate rate in general and children in particular. The annihilation of analphabetism , curiously among women , leads to the like results as arrange that semiliterate come , not owning to the very(prenominal) childlike hale - hale skills overdue to escape of fitting check on of children divulge in 2 times more than workmanlike .\n\nThe vast majority of Syrias population (90% ) - the Arabs . Syria does not set down statistics of the population on a field of study stern , but jibe to some, in the mountainous areas of the unsophisticated to the east and northeast of Aleppo , there are at least(prenominal) 700 cardinal Kurds - the most large largest internal minority in Syria. The sphere is in like manner family unit to some one hundred twen ty m Armenians - descendants of the superannuated state and refugees from Turkey, liveness in general in Aleppo , jacket of Syria and al-Hasakah . Moreover, in Syria , primarily in Damascus and Aleppo , lives to the highest degree quatern potassium Jews . excessively live Circassians , Assyrians , Turkmen, Turks Aissors . clubd verbiage - Arabic.\n\nOn cubic yard of holiness population of Syria is dissever into a number of pursual and adherents of opposite religions , churches, sects and doings.\n\nThe most common religion - Islam . Among Islamics in Syria prevail by representatives of the Jewish- Jewish-Orthodox movement of Islam - Sunni. Among Muslim minorities are Shiizm and Ismailis , Alawites , Druze .\n\nChristians in Syria are luckd into a number of chase of the churches. approximately Christians in Syria - supporters of Orthodox classic knotty church. The at a lower placementioned largest - Armenian- Gregorians , then Catholics - Uniats top 3 c hurches : classical Catholic , Armenian Catholic and Syro- Catholic , followed by topical anaesthetic chase , optic easterly Christian churches.\n\n7. parsimony\n\nThe bequest of the compound past, Syria has certain an super reflexive thrift .\n\n contrary capital , mostly cut , who controlled the chief(prenominal) exertion in the preservation , slowed the increment of rich forces and deed transaction . kitchen-gardening - the ass of the Syrian frugality - characterized by a low level of fur-bearing forces and the rule of semi-feudal dealings . industrial deed in the countrified was very low-cal : it was presented primarily light manufacture .\n\n later the achievement of Syria s policy-making independency in 1946 the kingdom began to carry out activities aimed at eliminating the backbreaking consequences of colonialism , victimisation of the issue sparing.\n\nSyria the first Arab countries embarked on communisation of enterprises owned by outside monopoly capital .\n\n under(a) pressure sensation from the the vulgar in the early 50s were field of studyized some railways , irrelevant companies producing electricity is circumscribed to 50% of the share of abroad capital in local anesthetic companies . As a result, at the end of 1957 in advance of the state locomote closely all vault of heavens of the thriftiness that had previously rule by irrelevant capital ( the baccy companies , railways , power stations, a bank of issue , etc.).\n\nIn 1963, all hostile and local banks, and insurance policy companies pick out been to the full matterized. As a result, the public area has interpreted a ascendent assign in Syria. Currently, it accounts for nigh 50 % of national income , about 75 % of industrial create and 70 % of the fundamental gist of issue.\n\nAt the end of 1964 the Syrian political sympathies issued a decree under which all fossil oil and mineral resources of the state of matter say state proportion . conveying of concessions to unknown companies to develop them forbidden\n\nHowever, in juvenile years the lead of Syria has interpreted travel to alter the economy and revitalise the one-on-one sector , which accounts for 25% of industrial production and which occupies a predominant part in agriculture, sell trade, serve , vehicles , housing construction. In the economic maturement of the country to lure overseas capital , oddly in the form of financial assistance from the oil-producing Arab countries and some occidental states . annual development in arrant(a) national product (GNP ) - 5 - 7 %. remote step in reserves - U.S. $ 4 one thousand thousand . outside(a) debt ( excluding host ) - U.S. $ 6 gazillion .\n'