Black people Essay

THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF RACE/ETHNICITY IN THE FILM GLORY ROAD Race and Ethnicity have been socially constructed to pertain to certain qualities and attributes that have been generalized to the entire race or ethnic group. A few such constructions may include a belief that Asian people are smart yet physically small, Africans are physically blessed while not as mentally gifted and that white people are somewhere between the two. It is also socially constructed that Muslims are angrier people and that Hindus are strictly cultural. These attributes based on ethnicity and race have been falsely constructed by the society due to roles adopted or forced upon by these various social groups based on historic events. I have chosen to depict the race and ethnic construction in a 20th century American society through the movie Glory Road. Glory Road is a movie based on a true story that revolves around the difficulties and hardships faced by the basketball team of the Texas Western University. The movie shows how the team was a victim of an extremely harsh form of racism. It follows the story of a coach named Don Haskins who is responsible for recruiting a team of African-American players in addition to the existing ‘white’ players to play for the University team. In this movie, it has been clearly shown that African-American students, or ‘negro’ students as they are referred to in the movie are looked down upon by the society consisting of a majority of ‘white’ people. The white people believe themselves to be superior to the blacks and thereby treat them with extreme hostility. This was a continuation of the racial inequality that stemmed from the system of slavery in America. As the team of ‘negro’ players begins to gain popularity, the dissent in the dominantly white society escalates rapidly. Hostile crowds receive the team as they travel across the country playing basketball. These crowds throw things at them, vandalize their motel rooms with blood smeared walls and even go to the extent of brutally hurting one of the ‘negros’ when he goes to a restroom. It can be understood, that the negro player has been socially constructed to be inferior simply due to their ethnicity. They are believed to be less intelligent and are even compared to monkeys by a rival coach in the movie. However, due to the recent success of this dominantly black team, the whites begin to feel inferior to them and thereby retaliate physically through violence. The plot of the movie is created due to a break in the conventional social construction that the basketball team of a University is comprised of white students. White students who were trained by a white coach and studied in a University filled with white students. This was the norm that was being challenged by the coach Don Haskins who simply wanted to give these ‘negro’ students an opportunity to receive an education. Racial inequality in the education system is depicted in the movie through scenes that emphasize a majority of college students being white and the surprise on their faces when they see a black student in their school. Forms of personal racism are also shown in the movie such as stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination. Members of the board for Texas Western even exhibited quiet racism. They did not outwardly show their discontent for coach Haskins’ movement but they did feel uneasy about it. However, their uneasy feelings began to change when they heard of the team’s success, which leads us to believe that they were racist only for as long a time period as there was no direct benefit to them as individuals. The competing social construction would be one in which there was no differentiation based on the race/ethnicity of the players belonging to the team. It would be a construction where the blacks were not suppressed and thought to be inferior to whites. I believe that an example of a competing social construction would probably be the construction of our society today, where students are not discriminated based on their ethnicity but are encouraged to participate and selected based on their individual skills and talents. The potrayals in the movie directly correspond to the norms of our present day where people believe African Americans to be more athletically inclined but less intelligent than white people. This norm is harmful and beneficial to both parties. It means that a black person is more like to be hired for an athletic position but less likely for a working job and the exact opposite for a white person. Studies in the present day have indicated that a black person is only 33% as likely as a white person to get a job even if they both apply with identical credentials. It has been shown that the unemployment of black people is twice as high as that of white people (Newman, 166). The times are rapidly changing. Movies such as glory road bring to light the inhumanity that has been dominant in societies of the past that lead to discomfort and a hostile environment. People are more aware of things such as an abolition of discrimination and a promotion of equality as they aim towards times of peace. History was made in 2008, when a man of black origin was made President of the same country in which blacks were hated just a few decades ago. The name of this man was President Barack Obama. It represented a transition to a time with more equality and less racial discrimination. These are direct results of the efforts of movies such as glory road and also the efforts of various activists through the generations. Even though race and ethnicity were socially constructed, the norms are beginning to change in our modern world where every person is given an equal opportunity to achieve the goals they dream of.

Aspects of Meaning

Jubayr zakariyya Aspects of meaning assignment 1 The experiment that has been conducted, and written about in the paper ‘The representation of polysemous words', by Devorah Klein and Gregory Murphy, endeavours to uncover the degrees to which different senses of polysemous words use the same or diverse kind of representations. Whilst homonyms from a linguistic perspective, are groups of words that share the same orthographical and phonological characteristics, yet do not share the same semantic meaning.There are a number of theoretical perspectives pertaining to the root cause of how two separate word meanings are able to converge on the same phonological representation, or how a single word is able to separate into diverse and separate semantic meanings. But the term ‘polysemy' refers to something that is intrinsically more complex, and as Klein and Murphy have noted in their paper, more problematical in terms of defining its root source and in which ways are the senses r elated and represented.What Klein and Murphy mean by this, and have studied in this paper, is the process in which words semantically relate to one another, through a process of extension. Yet unlike homonyms, polysemous words do not have lexically separate meanings, which leads to the questions of whether polysemous words have a single represented sense that can be accounted for every use of a word, how can they be linked in memory, and how are they co-ordinated in processing. Klein and Murphy aim to ‘provide data that will constrain accounts of the representation and processing of polysemy'(Klein and Murphy (2001)).The first experiment that was conducted entailed the use of memory performance in order to measure the representation of polysemous senses. it was particularly looking at whether people were more familiar with a same sense or a different sense than the original presentation given. the results showed that same phrase items were the most precisely evaluated, which w as followed by the consistent sense phrases. The inconsistent sense phrases were the most error prone. Klein and Murphy also suggest that words being seen in identical context was the most helpful in getting a correct evaluation.The results here point out that the way in which a polysemous word is processed initially affects later memory access. After conducting a number of detailed experiments, Klein and Murphy conclude that polysemous senses are semantically related, yet they are not extremely similar, which consequently results in ‘same-sense facilitation' and ‘cross sense inhibition' (Klein and Murphy (2001)). If a polysemous word does not contain a core meaning, it is no longer a substantial semantic component thatis common to all senses in a given word. word count: 429

Challenges Opportune Regional Integration .Com

Discuss About The Challenges Opportune Regional Integration? Johnson and Martin Ltd (J&M) is a company that manufactures a popular line of clothing for young people. The company’s products are positioned as fashionable and of high quality. Due to the little prospects for the future sales growth, the firm has decided to expand its clothing to the Middle Eastern region (Jullens, 2013). The potential marketing for these products is Turkey, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia. As a marketing consultant, I have carried out market opportunity assessment to determine which is the most prospective market to enter. In this market assessment opportunity, I have examined the investment environment, impacts of the government interventionist policies, the market potential and the effect of regional integration initiatives and related issues. In addition to that, I have evaluated the opportunities and threats in the three markets. This study, therefore, explains the market opportunity assessment for Turkey, Egypt and Saudi Arabia and the opportunity and threat s in each of the three markets. The investment environment is the global economy and the domestic economy , developments in which have an impact on the prices (values) of the assets. My examination of the investment environment revealed that investment climate in Turkey is excellent particularly for the clothing of young people. Hollensen points out that the country has a young dynamic population and a growing middle-class with a lot of purchasing power (Hollensen, 2017). He clarifies that its unique geographical location is critical in attracting many customers since it is strategically situated between the East and the West. An investor can, therefore, make high profit margins, as a result of the high volume of sales. In addition to that, it is one of the G-20 states with the highest economic growth.   Also, the state has a very friendly business climate to the investors, access to a huge national consumer base and other nearby markets and supports expansion for the international investors. A good investor wil l, therefore, make use of such an investment environment Turkey has bonded very well with most of the investors such as India. According to Hollensen, there are as many as 260 Indian companies which operate in Turkey. In the last 14 years, these firms have made humongous sales worth $ 103 million (Hollensen, 2017). Some of these companies include Wipro, Polyplex, and Mahindra among others. Turkey has a verycompetitive and skilled workforce comprising of a young population with flexibleinvestment settingand low tax prices, the country presents an exciting opportunity for clothing investors. Hence, the opportunity Turkey presents for the Johnson and Martin Ltd to invest is perfect Poor implementation of intervention policies by the government has held back the interests of foreign investors in Turkey in the last decades. A report conference that was released by the United Nations about development and trade (UNCTAD) in the year 2013 revealed that the political uncertainty which was escalating at the regional level subdued global economic prospects were preventing foreign investors from investing in Turkey (Joffe, & Vasconcelos, 2014). However, the Government of Turkey has carried out structural reforms to boost investment climate in the country. Moreover, the government has ensured tight fiscal controls, privatization of the economic enterprises of the state, increased flexibility in the labor market and a strong banking sector. As a result, the economy has improved. The Government of Turkey has pursued a well-knownreform program about investment atmosphere whose aim is to attract more Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Also, the formation of Turkey’s Investment Support and Promotion Agency has attracted investors (Kanat, 2004). ISPAT supports new investors, the business making process and promotes an investment setting that is friendly. It functionsas a support within the government for changesthat ensures investment and runsto promote domestic and global consciousnessof the values of the investment. The government’s transformationsin Turkey have made it easier to starta firm. The government has subsidedpermit necessities and has allowed people to register their businesses via regional commercial registry offices (Tuncel, 2017). Furthermore, the government has instituted a single firm registration form. The Turkish Government policies have ensured that the taxation system is friendlier to investors. According to Tuncel, the normal commercial tax rate was lowered from 30% to 20% in 2006. Market potential is the wholesize of the market for a certain product at a particular time. Turkey has a high market potential that covers more than one billion consumers. Turkey international image for investment is mainly moldedby the various marketplace opportunities both export and domestic-oriented (Kirisci, 2012). The market potential of Turkeyinclude a large and expanding domestic market which is approximately 70 million, a European market that generates a lot of capitalof about (600 million), evolvingRussian, Central Asian markets (roughly205 million) and a distinctand growing Middle East and North Africa markets (approximate 160 million). The strong historic and cultural ties provide Turkey with privateaccess and a center to create abusiness with these states. Hence, the high market potential makes Turkey a prominentinvestor in the Central Asian Turkic Republics. Regional integration has been used as an efficient instrumentfor promoting regional peace, prosperity, and stability, with the added prospect that economic expansion might also facilitate the transition to democracy (Joffe, & Vasconcelos, 2014). Turkey and the EU have worked on these suppositions and have developed various approaches to regional integration. Some of the impacts of regional integration initiatives are discussed below One of the effects of the regional integration initiatives is that it has made Turkey to increasingly become a â€Å"trading state†. Turkey has increased and diversified its economic relations with the Mashreq and Maghreb countries (Kirisci, 2012). After the Arab Spring, the Turkish regime had begun to improve componentsof neighborhood policy with Mashreq and Maghreb countries. The policies aimed at greater economic integration. Nevertheless, there has been up and down due to the crisis in Syria and also issues of stimulating transformation in the Arab world. Regional integration has allowed Turkey to acquire a higher proportion of the market share compared to its neighborhood. As the cold war ended, only 10% of itstranscontinentaltrade was with its neighborhood and this amounted to $3.5 billion (Frieden, 2015). Much of the trade was with Iran and the Soviet Union. Approximately half of the total Turkish foreign trade was acquired by the European Union countries roughly $17 billion. Nonetheless, the situation changed dramatically in the year 2011. Trade with the neighborhood was pricedat about $82 billion and comprised around 22 percent of the Turkeys general trade. Turkish regional integration has displayed other dimensions too.   In the aftermath of the Arabs revolution, the ‘zero problems with neighbors’ policy collapsed. The policy was very crucial since it was the primary source of the soft power of Turkey in the international affairs (Kirisci, 2012). Kirisci explains that the Turkish foreign policy is almost collapsing. In spite of much effort between Turkey and Syria to resolve their conflict, the conflict is too far from being resolved. Currently, Turkey is deeply involved in aconflict with Syria and this is affecting its own security negatively.   In my research, I discovered that although there are ongoing efforts by the government to court worldwide investors, the investment climate in Egypt remains challenging. Egypt has hard controls of currency and shortages. As a result, the country incurs losses and depend on importation of inputs essential for domestic production and manufacturing (Leigh & Blackey, 2016). The government of Egypt, however, remain committed to attracting investors across the globe.   For instance, it has launched a large-scale industrial zone near the Suez Canal. The main objective is to attract multinational manufacturing and logistic businesses alongside the main transnational shipping route. Most of the investors have reported delays of several months in the execution of foreign exchange transfers. In addition to that, labor rules inhibit firms from hiring more than 10% non-Egyptians. Moreover, foreign investors are not permitted to operate simple partnerships or sole proprietorship. A foreign indus try that is willing to import for trading purposes has to do so via a complete Egyptian-owned importer. Egyptian courts rarely recognize foreign judgments. Solving disputes takes a lot of time, with the time taken to settlea case to completion averaging 3-5 years (Leigh & Blackey, 2016). Also, their many hindrances such as regulatory complexity, excessive bureaucracy, the mismatch between labor market demand and job skills, non-tariff trade barriers and slow and cumbersome customs procedures. The world bankhas ranked Egyptamongstthe easiest countries in the Middle East and North Africa to start a business. According to the World Bank, a business can be opened in 8 days when compared to the and 19 and an international of 42. A businesspermit is not available online and has to be done in person at the General Authority for Investment (GAFI), situated in Nasr City with satellite offices in Assuit, Ismailia, and Alexandria. Egypt commenced structural reforms to correct macroeconomic imbalances that existed before President Mubarak’s era. Egypt has a long history of government intervention (Loewe, 2013). A substantial re-orientation happened in 2004 when President Mubarak appointed a new regime which comprised of several former business men. It came up with a new strategy for the industrial policy which was considerably more demand and market-oriented and less interventionist. The objective was to address the market failures which were hindering structural change in Egypt and prevent ‘vertical discrimination’ as much as possible (Gonzalez-Vicente, 2015). The industrial policies were effective in investment promotion, improved the entrepreneurs access to finance and simplified tax rates and procedures. Egypt is the largest textile producer in Africa accounting for about 50 percent of the world production in 2008. Private companies have dominated the downstream industry with more than 70 percent garment production. The Egyptian government is encouraging private investors to invest in both down-stream and up-stream industry (Kaplinsky, & Morris, 2014). Over the past 3 decades, the United States and Europe have been the primary markets for the textile and clothing exports with a market share of 35 percent and 46 percent respectively. Foreign Direct Investment has been an important vehicle for economic expansion in the emerging markets countries. Egypt has become the leading attractor of all the foreign direct investment in Africa. By the year 2008, it had attracted 56 foreign investment firms in the textile industry. The regional integration between Egypt and the United States has led to various economic implications. Improvement in Egypt’s market access to the united states. A potentially significant aspect of a preferential agreement with the United States has advanced access to the US markets for Egypt. (Melo & Tsikata, 2015). Important US quotas and tariffs remain on most of the Egyptian products. The ‘US International Trade Commission reports that out of the top 100 products that are imported from Egypt, only 16 products enter the United States duty-free. 22 of the remaining products face tariffs of less than 5%, 29 face tariffs which range from 5-15% and 26 products face tariffs higher than 15 percent. Hence, the export price of Egypt in the United States markets increases For Johnson and Martin Ltd company, Saudi Arabia is one of the most critical export markets. It is the biggest free economic market in the Middle East and holds 25 percent of the GDP (Rabie, 2013). It has a huge population of customers of about 400 million with high purchasing power. Also, its geographical location makes it a perfect entrance to European, African and Asian markets. The local market is experiencing a rapid continuous expansion. The Saudi Riyal is regarded to be one of the most stable currencies in the world (Alkhareif et. al., 2017). The Ministry of Commerce and Industry (MCI) has ensured that there are no obstacles which might present a barrier in the facilitation of the works of the ‘industrial investment facilities’. It has come up with methodologies and mechanisms of issuing licenses and services for the national factories. The most crucial procedure that has been put forward involves dividing the industrial licensing to two stages: issuing of a tempo rary license that is valid for one year and which is renewable and final licensing that is renewed after every 3 years. The government of Saudi Arabia has employed measures such as privatization among others to attain a more equitable distribution of income and wealth. Since 1980, constant public efforts have been applied to expand the economic base in substitute of the reliance on the hydrocarbon natural resources for the public revenues and economic output (Al-Rushaid, 2010). The government was aware that the economy ‘was simply resource-based and rentier in nature, with economic growth or contraction dependent on the price and output of the oil’. Nonetheless, this economic prospect was no longer plausible. The government accorded the private sector greater role in the development to improve the output, employment, and investment. The government adopted another mechanism to ensure that the private sector’s role in the economy is strengthened. These measures include promotion of non-oil exports, support to SMEs, increase of the competitiveness of the domestic products in local and twenty foreign markets and improvement of the regulatory and investment environment. Research conducted by analysts at Technavio have revealed that the retail market in Saudi Arabia will expand steadily at a CAGR of more than 7 percent by 2020. High urbanization, rising personal income, and high consumer confidence index has allowed private consumption the most imperative component of Saudi Arabia’s economy (Zain, Kassim, & Kadasah. 2017)These factors have also attracted many retailers all over the world into the market by increasing cost and competition in the major urban areas. The increase in competition will, therefore, create more pressure on the profit margins of those operating in the retail sector. The situation will provide investors the opportunity to exploit the new regions with more growth potential. Most of the population in Saudi Arabia are very traditional; however, with the increase in exposure to an international fashion brand, internet savvy, and young population have adopted new styles and designs. Hence, this preference for goods with the n ew design will improve generate capital for the investors. The establishment of the Gulf co-operation (GCC) between Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait, and Oman happened in 1982. The GCC has made progress from a Free Trade Area (FTA) to the Customs Union in 2003 and a Common Market in 2008 (Delgado, 2016). Launching of the common market eased the movement of goods and services. Firms and investors from the GCC states are active in mergers and acquisitions. From 1999, many transactions with a known value of $573 billion have already been made. It is worth noting that these mergers and acquisitions are very important investors in the cross-border M&A abroad. In my research, I was able to realize that all the three countries present the same opportunities. Thereis theexistence of a high demand for value-added products for the young people (Diaz et.al., 2015). Also, there is a market niche that exists in the three countries for branded products. For instance, internet savvy and young population in Saudi Arabia have adopted new styles and designs. Hence, investors can come up with a quality brand that will satisfy them. There is a high potential to invest in Egypt and Turkey due to high cotton production, spinning and finishing processes. Turkey has a high population of young people who are the target for the Johnson and Martin Ltd compared to Egypt and Saudi Arabia. Some of the threats for the company are second-hand clothing which is imported from Europe and the United States. The company might experience stiff competition from other countries such as Turkey, India, and China. Furthermore, popular brands for the young generation might be imitated. Lastly, tradition and culture pose a great threat to some of the products particularly in Egypt and Saudi Arabia who are adopting some of the new fashions. To sum it all, Johnson and Martin Ltd has the opportunity to invest in the three countries. However, market opportunity assessment of the three states is the most effective method of determining the most suitable country to invest. Turkey presents a great opportunity due.   to its location and alarge population of theyoung population. It also produces a lot of cotton and is a major exporter. Turkey has a wonderful business climate that is very friendly to investors. Nonetheless, it’s interventionist policies are holding the country back. On the other hand, Egypt has many drawbacks such as poor control of finances and shortages. The country also has a lot to do to attract most of the investors who do not tolerate excessive bureaucracy among other issues. Saudi Arabia is the third state whose economy has flourished in the United Arab Emirates. Market expansion in the country has attracted many investors who have contributed to the growth of the economy. The country presents a great opportunity due to the young generation that adopting international fashion. In terms of opportunity and threats, Turkey is the most promising since it has many opportunities and few threats. As a marketing consultant, I recommend Johnson and Martin Ltd to consider entering Turkey first. Turkey has a large market niche to be exploited with thehumongous young population. Turkey also provides the friendliest environment for the investors. In spite of the clothing it produces, it will allow market growth due to its location. Moreover, a unique brand needs to be introduced into the market to prevent competition from within and abroad. The best market entry strategy is through a Turkish Agent. The agent will provide information on the local regulatory framework, valuable business contact, and language assistance. As the business expands, the firm may open branchesand make more local savingsto increase the market share. Alkhareif, R.M., Barnett, W.A. and Qualls, J.H., 2017. Has the Dollar Peg Served the Saudi Economy Well?  International Finance and Banking,  4(1), p.145. Al-Rushaid W. (2010). Strengthening of National Capacities for National Development Strategies and Their Management: An Evaluation of UNDP's Contribution. United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved from: https://web.undp.org/evaluation/documents/thematic/cd/Saudi-Arabia.pdf De Melo, J., and Tsikata, Y., 2015. Regional integration in Africa: Challenges and prospects. Delgado, P.A.A.D.L., 2016.  The United Arab Emirates case of economic success: the Federal Government Economic Policies (Doctoral dissertation). Diaz, A., Hill, J., Jenkins, R., Kay, A., Pye, A., Morley, D. and Tejedor Garavito, N., 2015. A SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) evaluation of university student-staff partnerships in co-creating educational resources, peer support and research within STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics) subjects.  Journal of Scientific Research & Reports,  5(2), pp.161-170. Frieden, J., 2015.  Banking on the world: the politics of American international finance. Routledge. Gonzalez-Vicente, R., 2015. The limits to China's non-interference foreign policy: pro-state interventionism and the rescaling of economic governance.  Australian Journal of International Affairs,  69(2), pp.205-223. Hollensen, S (2017). Global Marketing (7 th . Ed.). Harlow: Pearson Education Ltd https://mci.gov.sa/en/Agencies/IndustrialAffairs/Documents/Industry%20in%20the%20Kingdom.pdf Joffe, G. and Vasconcelos, A. eds., 2014.  The Barcelona Process: Building a Euro-Mediterranean Regional Community  (Vol. 5, No. 1). Routledge. Jullens, John (2013). How Emerging Giants can take the World, Harvard Business Review, (91)12:121-125 Kanat, E.A., 2004.  Impacts of customs union membership over european union originated capital inflows to turkey  (Doctoral dissertation, Yeditepe ÃÅ"niversitesi). Kaplinsky, R. and Morris, M., 2014. Developing industrial clusters and supply chains to support diversification and sustainable development of exports in Africa.  Report for the African Export-Import Bank. Cairo: African Export-Import Bank. Kiri?ci, K., 2012. The EU, Turkey, and the Arab Spring: Challenges and operations for regional integration.  Global Turkey in Europe, p.195. Leigh, N.G., and Blakely, E.J., 2016.  Planning local economics development: Theory and practice. Sage Publications. Loewe, M., 2013. Industrial policy in Egypt 2004-2011. Rabie (2013). Industry in KSA: Persistent Renaissance. Ministry of Commerce and Industry. Retrieved from: Salahuddin, M. and Gow, J., 2014. Economic growth, energy consumption and CO 2 emissions in Gulf Cooperation Council countries.  Energy,  73, pp.44-58. Tuncel, O. (2017).   Diplomacy in action. Central Bank of Turkey Zain, M., Kassim, N. and Kadasah, N., 2017. Isn’t It Now a Crucial Time for Saudi Arabian Firms to be more Innovative and Competitive?  International Journal of Innovation Management,  21(03), p.1750021. .com boasts a pool of 3000+ experts from different backgrounds, who are solely dedicated to providing premier quality assignment help. Due to the diversity in our expert team, we are capable of providing academic assistance in more than 100 subjects. Some of our popular services include math assignment help , economic assignment help , accounting assignment help , statistics assignment help , law assignment help and more at a reasonable price. You are required to write a researched argument essay that convinces persuades the reader of your position / stance. This is an academic, researched and referenced do... Executive Summary The purpose of this report is to elaborate the factors which are considered by individuals before selecting an occupation. Choosing an occupati... Introduction With the increase enhancement in the field of technology, it has been considered essential by the businesses to implement such technology in their b... Executive Summary In a merger & acquisition, role of an HR has emerged as a very critical function. At each stage of merger and acquisition process, HR plays a s... Introduction In this competitive business environment where every business organization is trying to attract the customers of each other, it becomes essential for ... Masters of MSc in Economics 2594 - Completed Orders PhD in Chemistry with Specialization in Organic 234 - Completed Orders MSc in Psychology 1896 - Completed Orders Ph.D in Project Management with Specialization in Project Communications Management 2109 - Completed Orders That's our welcome gift for first time visitors Rated 4.9 / 5 Based On 14001 Reviews Copyright  © 2019 .com. All Rights Reserved Disclaimer: The reference papers provided by .com serve as model papers for students and are not to be submitted as it is. These papers are intended to be used for research and reference purposes only.

Negotiation & Conflict Resolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Negotiation & Conflict Resolution - Essay Example One recent instance of conflict and negotiation in the political world is the partial shutdown of the US government. The conflict originated from lack of consensus on political issues but wrecked not only the political but also the social and economic fabric of the US. The primary parties to this conflict were President Obama with the Democrats on one side and the Republican House of Representatives on the other side. The issue arose on October 1, 2013 during a budget discussion session in the Congress due to a disagreement over a particular healthcare reform law. The Republicans were not in favor of passing the reformed healthcare law and looked forward to a delay or repeal in the legislation. But President Obama strictly asserted that he wanted the bill to be passed clean and without any amendments or unnecessary delays. The resulting concord between the parties led the Republicans to declare a partial shutdown of the government operations in the US. This primary issue of the healt hcare reform bill further got entangled with another vital issue regarding the debt ceiling for government borrowings. Obama requested a relaxation of the debt ceiling as the deadline for the same was approaching soon, i.e. on October 17, 2013. Not extending the debt limit would lead to a fiscal impasse as the nation will be unable to repay its debts and clear its bills. This would affect not only the US economy but also the global economy and the secondary parties such as the financial agencies, stock markets, federal workers and general public. The 16-day-long impasse in the US was primarily born out of a policy deadlock over the spending bill in the government budget. President Obama had suggested the inclusion of a healthcare reform law, Affordable Care Act, which offers a range of healthcare and welfare facilities for the US citizens. But the Republican-led House of Representatives refused to pass it and showed intentions to repeal or delay it by the span of a year. They called for a House-Senate Conference Committee to resolve the matter. But the Democrats refused to this idea, saying that the House was just trying to defer the new healthcare law using the pretext of the budget process. Owing to this unresolved conflict, the House declared a partial shutdown of the government on October 1. While the Republicans insisted on a delay in the implementation of the healthcare reform, Obama remained immovable on his stance that â€Å"Obamacare† is non-negotiable and that he wanted a â€Å"clean bill† devoid of any conditions or amendments. (CNBC, 2013) This shutdown very soon raised an alarm amongst the secondary parties to the conflict. Wall Street officials expressed their concern over the present shutdown and the future prospect of a financial default. The US government was fast approaching its debt ceiling of $ 16.7 trillion which it was about to hit on October 17 (Jackson, 2013). James Clapper, Director of the US National Intelligence, shared with the media his grave fears regarding the severe impact of the shutdown on their ability â€Å"to support the military, to support diplomacy, and to support the policymakers.† (Cornwell, 2013). Owing to the shutdown, 70% of the federal intelligence personnel had been sent on unpaid leave. Lloyd Blankfein, Chairman and CEO of the Goldman Sachs Group, apprehended over the aligned and perhaps more critical issue of a financial default arising from the shutdown. Saying that America had seen a precedent

Design principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Design principles - Essay Example The establishment of perception of Practical systems was also a task the learning of which was an enormous milestone that we achieved in this course. I thank my instructor and friends for their guidance and for the knowledge that I gained during this course that, of course, immensely assisted me in the formulation of this final report to the project. In the end I also thank the Anglia Ruskin University for providing me with a platform for learning and implementation of the required skills. PROJECT INITIATION DOCUMENTS The purpose of the new system The reasons why the current information system was required to be prepared can be narrated as follows: The problems faced by the management and other personnel at educational institute regarding the institute’s transport facility were numerous. The basic problem lay in the fact that no computerized record of the personnel availing the institute’s transport system existed. Whenever any transport related decision was required to be made at runtime it was solely dependent on human skills. Very few records relating to the passengers were stored in different files. The entire system being manual was very difficult to maintain. Performance wise this system was very poor and would take very long time in providing the results. Anyone who wanted to have information about any transport management related issue would have to go through many files before getting the desired information. Though this system was very cheap economically but the time factor and lack in efficiency was over shadowing its advantages. This situation became the root cause of all the problems eventually resulting in the arousal of a dire need to construct an efficient system that would cater to the vehicle management related issues. This was absolutely necessary as due to the lack of such a proposed system it was absolutely impossible to make complicated management related decisions at runtime especially when new students were enrolled into th e institute and each one of them wanted to start availing the transport facility right away. For the proposed vehicle management system to function efficiently it was absolutely necessary to maintain a constantly updated database at its backend that enabled interaction of users with it via a user friendly interface. Objectives of the new system The objectives of the system were thus the making of an information system that would be linked to the student record database. It would separately store the students that would be opting for the vehicle management system that is run under the supervision of the educational institute itself. The objective it would thus achieve would be as follows: The computerized record keeping of all students/ staff availing the transport facility. The allotment of vehicle number to each student with respect to the desired pick up point and drop off point specified by him. The computerized collection of monthly fee. The assigning of specific routes to vehic les. The assigning of specific routes and vehicles to drivers. The registration and record keeping of vehicles running in the system. The record of revenue being used in maintenance of the vehicles and for fuel consumption. Stakeholders The stakeholders of the system include: Students and staff members availing the facility of transport provided by the educational i

E-commerce, Dell Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

E-commerce, Dell - Essay Example 6. Managing cost-effective and efficient product fulfillment. 7. Providing impeccable customer support through multiple touch points. CASE STUDY Introduction Dell is one of the world's top providers of computer products and services such as servers, storage, workstations, notebook and notebooks computers, to businesses and consumers. The company has revenues of $38.2 billion worldwide and employs over 41,000 staff worldwide. Ireland is home to Dell's European manufacturing operation, with a plant in Limerick, and a UK/Ireland sales and support operation in Bray/Cherrywood. Dell's success has made it the number one PC supplier in Ireland*. The company is the State's biggest revenue generating technology firm. During 2002, Dell's revenue equated to 5.8 per cent of gross domestic product. During the same time period, Dell's exports of EUR.7bn account for 7.8 per cent of all Irish exports. Michael Dell founded the company back in 1984 when he was just 19 years old. He had $1,000 and the unique idea to sell computer systems directly to customers. Now he heads up one of the world's most successful corporations with his direct sales approach acting as the cornerstone of the company's global success. This case study will look at the impact of the internet and e-commerce on Dell and how the company has successfully managed the new ways of doing business that e-commerce has created. What Is E-Commerce Firstly, let's take a look at Electronic commerce (e-commerce). E-commerce refers to business transactions and communication that are carried out through computers - over networks and the internet. This includes buying and selling goods and services, funds transfers and other commercial...The company has revenues of $38.2 billion worldwide and employs over 41,000 staff worldwide. Ireland is home to Dell's European manufacturing operation, with a plant in Limerick, and a UK/Ireland sales and support operation in Bray/Cherrywood. Dell's success has made it the number one PC supplier in Ireland*. The company is the State's biggest revenue generating technology firm. During 2002, Dell's revenue equated to 5.8 per cent of gross domestic product. During the same time period, Dell's exports of EUR.7bn account for 7.8 per cent of all Irish exports. Firstly, let's take a look at Electronic commerce (e-commerce). E-commerce refers to business transactions and communication that are carried out through computers - over networks and the internet. This includes buying and selling goods and services, funds transfers and other commercial communications. It creates a new way of buying and selling - one that uses technology to make the transaction. Between businesses and consumers (B2C), as when you purchase from a shop's website. You, the consumer can now do everything over the internet from banking online and using email to shop for computers, books, clothes, games, holidays, concert ticket etc! From one business to another (B2B), as when one company buys its supplies from another company online.

Professional skills and ethics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Professional skills and ethics - Term Paper Example Corporate Social Responsibility in Marketing in the Aviation Industry Over the years, environmental interests and various laws and regulations have caused for there to be a general change in the way most organizations view the notion of sustainable business actions. Most of the companies in the aviation industry frequently find that they how have to constantly ask themselves is to what extent do they happen to act responsibly. The paramount reason that causes companies to engage in business is to ensure that the owners and employees stand to gain various economic benefits. Any other actions by the various businesses are frequently considered to be secondary responsibilities and most firms have been ignoring them over the past years (Sun et al. 2010). In recent times that a new system of business has emerged that has forced players in the industry to change the way they conduct business due to the increasing awareness of corporate social responsibility and the vast impact that the ind ustry has on the environment (Sun et al. 2010). ... s customers coupled with the customer’s frequent desire to obtain the very best of services at reasonably decent prices makes it a prerequisite for most of the industry’s operators to ensure that they market their product as being innately cost efficient while offering their customers the very best services that are available. Companies and various operators in the industry are finding this to be increasingly difficult to do due to their incurring rather high operating costs which have been seen to affect and have a profound influence in the entire industry (Flouris and Yilmaz 2011). The Challenges Facing the Conduction of Responsible Business Practices for both Individuals and Organizations in the Aviation Industry Environmental Challenges. The aviation industry is facing the challenge of developing appropriate and sustainable CSR models because it has been forecast that the industry should poise itself for a rather tremendous general increase in the rate of flight tra ffic over the next 15 years. The increased air traffic will consequently result in a general increase in raw material consumption, increased carbon emissions as well as an overall increase in pollution that is resultant of the industries activities. Industry Marketers are finding that they increasingly need to develop actions that will appease and fulfill all the stakeholders’ expectations as well as ensuring that the airlines are sufficiently taking care of the environment (Phillips 2006). Efforts by marketers in the aviation industry to promote the various players in the industry as having appropriate corporate social responsibility practices are being severely hampered by a report released by the Aviation Environment Federation which showed the estimated damage to the environment and society

See instructions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

See instructions - Research Paper Example With its fastly growing population rate and sprawling cities, economic disparity between the social classes is increasing. Moreover, the high population growth poses several other problems to development including poverty, living conditions, health, social progress, and most importantly economic progress. Although Brazil has always been â€Å"bullish† about their population rise (Merrick, 1976), it is true that its population is constraining its economic development. Despite its high incomes and drop in unemployment rates, Brazil still struggles to keep economic inequality to a low level. Income inequality is high and these are reflected in the historical trends that show an unequal distribution of wealth and resources among the rich and the poor. There are much evidences to show that income inequality has detrimental impacts on the economic growth and development of a particular country. These factors go beyond the usual effect on poverty but relatively more important is that fact that it essentially curbs growth (Meier and Rauch, 2000). Although Brazil’s economy is apparently doing well with high incomes and a decline in the unemployment rates however these figures are not good determinants of its general well being (Baer, 2001). Historical figures of income distribution suggest that a high percentage of the income goes to the pockets of the rich while the poor only get a small share of the income. Coupled with the increasing population, economic disparity is increasing among the people. Moreover, the migration from rural to urban areas of Brazil has created severe health and sanitary problems. It is pleasing to see, though, that Brazil has made rapid progress since the Great Depression in the 1930s in terms of demographic transformation (Baer, 2001), to doing spectacularly well between 1968-73 during the Brazilian Miracle

Conservation of momentum Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Conservation of momentum - Lab Report Example During the experiment one should ensure that at least three readings for a particular step are taken then an average of the reading obtained so as to minimize the errors of parallax. The experiment needs to be done at least twice to confirm the recorded values and minimize the errors. The stop watch and all the apparatus used for the experiment needs to be observed before the beggining of the experiment to ascertain their efficiency. The experiment could also be done in an area with vacuum conditions in order to minimize the interferences in obtaining the readings due to air resistance. The two values for V obtain in part 1 and part 2 are not as close as they are expected. This is so due to the errors during the experiment. Without errors, the two values of velocity should be the same. Reanalyzation of the tale values using the largest h fails to make any significant change in the final results of v (Susan 10). The fact is that the two values fail to be as close as they are expected to be. However repeating the entire experiment while avoiding the experimental errors may give out values that are close to the theoretical

Integration Discussions to Include in Learning Portfolio Essay Example for Free

Integration Discussions to Include in Learning Portfolio Essay The term communication was derived from the Latin ‘communis’ meaning â€Å"to share† that is, sharing of concepts and ideas, feelings and emotion. In a literal sense however, communication means to inform to tell, to show, or to spread information (Singh, Amrik, Yadav, Seema 2003, p. 1). Communication is vital to any organization as it constitute the life of the entire organization while culture is the essence of an organization. When the management becomes concern on results and outcomes rather than on the techniques and processes, the management becomes concern only on employees’ productivity but not with their welfare. Business organization should be people oriented and its written communication or its policies must be clearly and rightly enforce and should not hinder employees from enhancing their full productivity potential. Maydan (2003) pointed out that organizations, as entities, â€Å"are also embedded in cultures, and organizing is a communication process† (p. 1). In a sense, organizational culture and policies it self are both part of communication. Thus, poor policies and policies that are poorly enforced both affects the organizational performance as well as the organizational life of business organization. It means that the employees’ effectiveness is affected by poor implementation of policies such as limiting employee’s communication with other employees in other departments and also employees’ access to management because it effectively isolate them from people they perceive as source of moral strength and information. It also effectively weakens their productivity. It is widely accepted that team work provides a better working relationship in any business organization. Here the degree to which work activities are organized around teams rather than individuals enhances the employees’ effectiveness and productivity. This is clearly illustrated in the game of basketball. Teams that play as a team have higher chances of winning. Team work also creates fun as working together for a common cause â€Å"creates group spirit, lightens up the atmosphere, and reduces tensions and conflicts (Dinsmore Cabanis-Brewin, 2006). Team work is an example of effective communication. How the problem of communication could be avoided There are perhaps a number ways to avoid the problem of communication. Management should allow employees some freedom to communicate freely with other employees on matters relating to their jobs. Having a delivery person to convey messages to other department in the same business organization delays important communications that are may be vital for the company’s growth. Business companies should be people oriented than profit oriented by focusing more on their employees welfare. It is true that even losers can turn into winners when they properly motivated. Employees gain more confidence and satisfaction through increased self-esteem and pride in their organization. In this way, employees can enjoy their work and they will become more productive in return. Aside from allowing employees some freedom to communicate, the management should also encourage its employees to innovate and take risk rather control them forced them to do more work. Gryskiewicz (1993) aptly stated that risk taking does not mean â€Å"taking a blind chance† rather it is a decision to implement â€Å"a well-reasoned idea where benefits would far outweigh the loss, should that occur† (p. 119). The problem of communication can be avoided if the management would be more people oriented. That is, if the management allows their employees to make some mistakes but at low cost, and to let them try their ideas. Attention to detail and aggressiveness When companies pay attention to details and become more demanding to their employees to come up with better results, the more pressures they imposed on their employees to exhibit precision, analytical skills, and attention to details. However, this is counter productive because this does not encourage employees to be innovative or risk takers. The company should not create an organizational climate of fear rather; it should strive to create a climate of trust. That means, allowing employees to even commit mistakes and to let them acknowledge such mistakes. Paying attention to details however is not bad; indeed it is important that company management should pay attention to details though this does not guarantee success. Details of transactions, of goals and objectives, and of business strategy to be implemented are important for the management to aware of. But when it comes to committing mistakes and risk taking, the management should display trust and confidence in their employees. Aggressiveness on the other hand is an important character of any employee. People who are aggressive are competitive and achieved more. It is far desirable than easy going attitude. Being aggressive is a positive quality as it will get one ahead of others who are not aggressive. Going back to a game of basketball, a team who is more aggressive is likely to win the game. But aggressiveness is not always viewed as positive and beneficial quality. Many people tend to view aggressiveness as the tendency to actively oppose someone else’s position or viewpoint. But viewed in the context of competitiveness, aggressiveness is positive quality that can help employees achieved more. Reference Dinsmore, P. C. Cabanis-Brewin, J. (2006) The AMA Handbook of Project Management USA: AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn Gryskiewicz, S. S. (1993) Discovering Creativity USA: Center for Creative Leadership Maydan, A. (2003) Understanding Organizations Through Culture and Structure USA: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Sing, Amrik, Yadav Seema (2003) Business Communication India: Anmol Publication PVT. LTD

Abraham Lincoln Essay -- Biography Biographies Bio

Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809 in a log cabin in Hardin Kentucky. His father Thomas Lincoln was a carpenter and farmer who was always very poor. Both of his parents were members of a Baptist congregation which had split from another church because of its views against slavery. This is where Abe first developed his own opposition to slavery. When Abe was nine the family moved to Spencer, Indiana, and his mother Nancy died from milk sickness. Milk sickness was a disease acquired by drinking the milk of cows which had grazed on poisonous white snakeroot. Soon after, Thomas married Sarah Bush Johnston who treated Abe like her own son. Abe had no formal schooling as a child so he ended up teaching himself. Abe loved to read so he spent most of his days out in the fields reading books. In 1831, Abe settled in the village of New Salem, Illinois. He began working in a mill and managing a store where he became popular amongst the members of the community. He impresse d residents with his character and earned the nickname "Honest Abe." In 1832 he was chosen captain of a volunteer company gathered for the Black Hawk War, but the company never saw battle. After, he returned to New Salem and became a partner in a grocery store that later failed. This left Abe in debt and forced him to work various jobs such as the village postmaster and rail splitting. Lincoln's early political career began in 1834 when he was elected to the state legislature where he served four consecutive years. During this time he became a member of the Whig party. In 1836, he received his attorney license and soon became law partners with John T. Stuart. Lincoln's career in law steadily increased because of his great abili... ...ccessful President. For example, despite enormous pressures, loss of life, battlefield setbacks, unprepared generals, and assassination threats, he stuck with this pro-Union policy throughout the whole Civil War. When I have my mind set on a goal, I strive to accomplish that goal. Whether it be with school work, at a job, or on the tennis court, I do anything I can to accomplish my goal. I do whatever I can to do my best and give 100 percent effort. Abraham Lincoln accomplished so much throughout his lifetime. He is remembered for his fearless acts in preserving the Union during the Civil War. He began the process to end slavery, and if it wasn't for him, we might very well still have slaves today in the United States. He is also remembered for his character, debates, letters, speeches, and determination that led him as one of our nations greatest Presidents.

Psychoanalytic Approach to Sir Gawain and the Green Knight :: Sir Gawain Green Knight Essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚   It’s easy to associate Sir Gawain and the Green Knight with one of Jung’s archetypal motif patterns: the hero and the quest.   Through lots of difficulties or challenges, Sir Gawain reaches the higher ground of knighthood, and also proves himself worthy of a courtly masculine identity.   It still seems quite daring and risky to apply psychoanalytic approach into the text itself, especially it comes with the Oedipus complex.   But if we put Freud’s three psychic zones and Sir Gawain’s conflict together, or related his fear of castration with his fear of being beheaded, the applying of psychoanalytic approach is acceptable.   Within the connections mentioned above, we can see how the father figures function and how a knight’s masculinity is maintain by abstaining from sexual desire in medieval period.  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Sir Gawain is similar to any other hero we see in mythology, who is predisposed to response any obstacles coming upon them, and is thus getting mature both physically and mentally.  Ã‚  Ã‚   So the process of being a real knight is similar to the process of being a real man in Freud’Stheory of child development.   A boy in the process of being a man will confront a threat of being castrated by his father for to engaging in sexual relation with his Mother.   Submitting to the ‘reality principal’, the boy represses his incestuous desire, identifies with his father, and is led to the manhood.   One of the father figures within this text obviously is the Green Knight, who appears as the authority of the nature power to test Sir Gawain’s ability in masculinity and ability in abstaining from sexual temptation.   Before the Green Knight is qualified to test Sir Gawain, he must prove that he is more a man than Sir Gawain.   If we assume tha t being beheaded here is the another form of castration.   That he lets his head cut off by Gawain first is the showing of his superiority in masculinity.   After Green Knight’s head is cut off, he ‘seized this splendid head and straightway lifted it’.   From the passage, we see he is not less a man, and is never afraid of being castrated by his son, which reinforces the Green Knight’s father figure.  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Since the Green Knight, a father authority is under the disguise of Bertilak, we can assume that his mistress becomes the mother figure.   While the Green Knight is out there hunting, Sir Gawain has to decide whether to put aside his fear of castration and give in the sexual seduction or to repress his own desire.

Fundraising and State Support Essay -- Public Choice Theory, Education

The examination of the relationship of fundraising and state support change was based upon an understanding of public choice theory, which is rooted in political economy and used to determine societal resource allocation preferences through the legislative process to attain the maximum social benefit (Herber, 1983). The theory has evolved over time with the core research of Buchanan and Tullock (1967) examining individual economic preferences demonstrated through the political system, establishing an approach for analyzing political decision-making. The focus of public choice theory in the context of the proposed research questions is on decision-making cost in terms of offsetting fundraising increases to reach consensus. This incorporates the direct cost involved in funding, or not funding, higher education, the opportunity costs of bargaining through the political process, and the trade-offs between competing public demands (Herber, 1983). Society could follow non-strategic behavi or in order to allow for collective decisions (Herber). Decision making costs become an outcome of the public choice bargaining in order to reach agreement; public choice involves making decisions within a dynamic context of higher education as a public good, particularly when examining the relationship of fundraising and state support (Buchanan & Tullock, 1967). Constitutional Economics Within public choice theory is the concept of constitutional economics that accounts for the rules pertaining to the legislative process that restricts the role of government and the scope of its decisions (Buchanan & Tullock, 1967). Buchanan and Tullock (1967) espoused the operational stage of rule-making that stem from the constitutional limitations. The budget pro... ...support the mission of the college. At the opposite end of the continuum is the unconstrained vision. The unconstrained vision believes that people’s nature and institutions can be improved (Sowell, 1987). The unconstrained vision welcomes direct government intervention for the good of society (Sowell, 1987). Equating Sowell’s vision to public choice theory, there is a great deal of similarity between the unconstrained vision and how an individual categorizes higher education as a public good (Sowell, 1987; Ostrom, 1975). This research is intent in finding the relationship between the change in fundraising and the change in public funding of higher education. In an effort to determine how policymakers choose to fund higher education, acknowledging the policy maker’s vision of people and institutions will help understand how they may respond to funding scenarios.

Maternal Stress and the Effects of Childhood Development Essay

In conducting my research on developmental studies, I had the chance to review many academic journals with many different studies. I chose to read, â€Å"The Role of Prenatal Maternal Stress in Child Development,† by Janet A.DiPietro in the, Current Directions in Psychological Science journal. The title of the study itself does identify the independent and dependent variable. The independent variable is the effect of stress, and the dependent variable is the child’s development. In reading the introduction, I learned that throughout history people have thought that the emotions and experiences of a pregnant woman impinge on her developing fetus. (DiPietro, 2004) I also learned that there are no direct neural connections between the mother and fetus. (DiPietro, 2004) The journal went on to describe the physiological processes involved in mother to fetus bio-chemical and hormonal functions. The main studies used in determining theoretical explanations throughout history, have been in animal studies. According to DiPietro (2004), â€Å"the most compelling evidence between maternal physiological functioning and later development in offspring is found in animal studies.† (p. 1). The hypothesis of this study suggests that maternal stressors are more far-reaching on child behavior than previously suspected. (DiPietro, 2004). The main way that this hypothesis has been studied is by utilizing animal research. In a series of studies done with rhesus monkeys, when the mothers were exposed to loud noises throughout pregnancy, the offspring showed delayed motor development and reduced attention. (DiPietro, 2004) It does seem that most of the studies conducted on animals have reported negative consequences. Although reports of either no effects or beneficial ones make it clear that much is left to be learned about the specific characteristics of stressors that either accelerate or retard development. (DiPietro, 2004) The subjects used in the methods section were humans. Although, according to the article, this is difficult to study in the human because of the physiological differences during the pregnancies of the different species, and the fact that researchers are unable to control events that transpire after birth in humans. (DiPietro, 2004) Therefore, there are no graphs, charts or statistical measures seen in this article. There were several methods used to analyze the data in this article. One was the survey. Surveys were done with mothers who had witnessed a catastrophic even such as the World Trade Center disaster, or an earthquake. Although the study was able to show that the mother was indeed stressed during pregnancy, there was no study conducted on the outcome of the child. (DiPietro, 2004) Another method had mothers report about their stress incurred during pregnancy, and then an observer and not a parent rated the infant’s behavior. The article suggests that even the resulting information in this study may be skewed, because the studies relied on the Mother’s reports of their children’s problems. It finally became apparent through this study that the only way for the researchers to examine the effects of stressors on the fetus was to subject women to a non-invasive stressor and then measure fetal response. (DiPietro, 2004) They gave these women a standardized test called the, Stroop Color-Word Test. (DiPietro, 2004) The test caused the women to feel cognitively challenged, therefore inducing increased physiological responses in mother, but interestingly, not in the fetus. Fetal motor activity was actually suppressed, according to the study. (DiPietro, 2004) The final results of the study showed that higher maternal anxiety midway through pregnancy were strongly associated with better motor and mental development scores on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. (DiPietro, 2004) Interestingly, the research conducted on humans, showed that the effects on the developing child are opposite of the effects on animals. The article ends with this statement, â€Å" Too much or too little stress may impede development, but a moderate level may be formative or optimal. It seems that there is really too little research on this area of study to come to a conclusion. I found this study to be very interesting and relevant to today’s issues within society, and especially the question of nature versus nurture. It makes me think about children who are displaying such violent behaviors such as shooting their classmates and parents. It makes me ask the question of what was going on in the mother’s environment during pregnancy? Did she have an easy, stress free, supported pregnancy, or was there fighting and unrest during the pregnancy? Could factors such as these affect the child and develop into what we label as sociopathic? It would be interesting to conduct a study of pregnant women in a prison setting versus pregnant women in an ideal pregnancy situation, and to study the offspring from birth to five years old. Would the affects of the pregnant woman in prison create certain developmental issues in the children? Does it even matter? These questions and many more within the psychology realm are what make this a fascinating discipline to study. It truly is the nature of ourselves that we get to ask questions about, and find the deeper, hidden meanings. References DiPietro, J. A. (2004, April). The role of prenatal maternal stress in child development. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13(2), 71-74. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/20182913

Societies of Chesapeake Bay and New England Colonies

Societies of Chesapeake Bay and New England Colonies Many settlers who came to the New World from Britain in the early seventeenth century sought to establish a settlement for motives including economic and religious freedom in areas such as Chesapeake Bay colonies that comprised of Virginia and Maryland colonies and the New England colonies that consisted of Connecticut, Maine, and Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island. Settlers who often came to these regions came with varying motivations, settled into different regions that had varying geographies, and encountered different circumstances. Through the passing of time, these particular distinctions would contribute into casting the two regions into two distinct societies. While those who settled in the early sixteenth centuries in the New England and Chesapeake Bay colonies were mostly settled by the English, on the contrary to what most believe, these two regions developed into two distinct societies by the eighteenth century. These societies were able to be characterized through their differences in many aspects of society including politically, economically, socially, and educationally. One aspect that illustrates difference between the Chesapeake Bay and New England colonies was the social differences that the two regions developed. For example, in the Chesapeake region, disease such as dysentery, typhoid fever, and malaria ravaged through the area. Unclean air and the hot climate further spread disease amongst the settlers. These factors had larger implications for Chesapeake colony society. With the combination of these factors, an individual living in the Chesapeake often had their life cut short by an average of ten years than an individual in the New England colony. As a result of shorter life spans, many families were disunited as widows were left with young children to support. Thus, women had a greater status than women in the New England colonies. Women of the Chesapeake region were able to inherit their husband’s estates and were issued a different property title. Disease also affected the population growth of the Chesapeake region. Since disease was widespread and many women did not migrate to the region, fertility rates were low. However, in the New England colonies, where a combination of clean air and colder climate helped decrease the risk of diseases, an individual tended to outlive their ounterpart in the Chesapeake region. Furthermore, settlers tended to migrate as families to the New England colonies, so the population was able to grow quicker. With a longer life, an individual could see the upbringing of their grandchildren. They had a pivotal role in ensuring the children grew up in a nurturing environment and that these c hildren followed the morale and guidelines of society. Early marriage and high fertility rates contributed in a booming birthrate. These facets contributed to the creation a strong, tranquil social structure of the New England colonies. Also unlike their Chesapeake counterparts, women in the New England colonies gave up there property rights when they married because Puritan lawmakers worried that recognizing women’s separate rights would cause conflicts between the husband and wife. As illustrated through these examples, New England and Chesapeake colonies were varied through social aspects of their societies. Another aspect in which the two regions differentiated in were economically. For example, in New England colonies, where there was not much arable land, the settlers were forced to depend on more livestock such as pigs, cattle, and sheep. Nonetheless, the settlers were able to create a small varied assortment of crops from the little land that they had. Furthermore, settlers of the New England region developed other industries such as developing their coastlines and built them for use as harbors for industries such as fishing and shipbuilding. In contrast to the New England region, the Chesapeake Bay colonies were quite different economically. The colonies of this region were much more dependent on agriculture economically. The settlers widely grew the addictive tobacco plant after John Rolfe (settler of the Virginia colony and the husband of Pocahantas) improved the bitterness of the plant. Thus, the demand for the plant grew steadily in England. This dependency on agriculture would eventually advance where individuals would create plantation system in order to meet the demands. Once again, as illustrated, Chesapeake and the New England region were different through their economic standards is one of the way that these two regions developed into distinct societies. These different economic characteristics eventually leads to another differentiation in these two colonial societies. In addition to these two societies differing economically and socially, these colonial regions also differed in the political aspects. For instance, in the New England colonies, especially in the colony of Connecticut, the government was based on a town system. The congregational Puritan churches of the region were where the adult men would gather and vote. The New England villagers voted on aspects such as electing their officials, appointing schoolmasters, as well as discussing daily matters. The colonists of this region saw sovereignty as being in the towns. The colonists also adopted this idea as a result of their conviction of unity for purpose. Conversely, the governments of the Chesapeake region operated more on a county system such as that of the House of Burgesses, where the colonists met on a yearly basis. This was a result of the people being spread out from their use of the plantation that tended to distribute the population throughout the region. As demonstrated, the New England colonies form of government varied widely from the Chesapeake form of government. New England’s use of the town meeting system and the Chesapeake colonies use of the county system show the differing political viewpoints, just one of the aspects that defined the two regions as two different distinct societies. Although the Chesapeake and New England colonies were considered monolithic when they were first settled in the early sixteenth century, the passing of time would eventually these regions into two distinctive societies. Those differences that define the characteristics of these two societies are essential because they play an essential role in the creation in several facets United States history such as the development of the government (as later shown in history through Roger Sherman‘s Connecticut Compromise) and social and political issues such as slavery. The Chesapeake Bay and New England colonies were indeed significant regions; even though they varied in many aspects, played a significant role in shaping the attitudes of American society later in the nation’s history.

On Leadership Essay

Leadership could very much be likened to a driver of an automobile. Without it, the stationary vehicle may warrant some amount of value, yet it doesn’t live up fully to what it is worth. Without anyone to man its steering wheel, it would end up unmoving, stagnant, and eventually wasting opportunities to travel vast lands and reach great summits. Without someone to operate the car, there will be no one to lend his sense of direction. Without this someone, there will be no destination, much less any means to arrive to it. Without this someone, the car would ultimately miss the chance to possess an attribute which is very crucial to attain any accomplishment: the attribute of being DRIVEN. Likewise, being driven is essential to attaining success in the real world, which is why I deem leadership a significant part of life. In a world where tough competition is present almost everywhere, it isn’t enough anymore to merely possess knowledge or skills. So that success could be attained, there is a need to manage these raw gifts effectively and turn them into something more. And leadership makes that possible. I believe that leadership is built on the foundations of vision, drive and direction. Coupled with hard work and dedication, it enables people to maximize whatever resources they have, and allows them to achieve whatever goals they set upon themselves. Because for a group to function efficiently and idyllically, it must have a clear sense of what it aspires, where it wants to go, and how it is going to make it all happen. However, leadership should not only concern the what, the where, and the how. It is equally important that significant consideration be given to the why. Doing so is what I call responsible leadership. I believe that the ideal leader doesn’t only empower his followers; he empowers the society as a whole. It is something which separates a leader from a manager: a manager simply does things right, and a leader, aside from doing this, also makes it a point that he does the right things. All these years I have kept faith in the power of aggressive yet responsible leadership: leadership which inspires trust amid difficulties, which upholds long-term thinking while conquering immediate challenges at the same time. I always make it a point that I myself embody my own ideals of being a leader who could challenge the status quo and be a steward of progress and development. Indeed a great number of people have attempted to encapsulate the term leadership. But through these attempts do we discern that there are a myriad of meanings that could be associated with the word. Although I do agree with a number of the descriptions given, I sum it all up to one idea: that leadership is the one powerful requisite that could bridge the gap between your present location and your target destination, between your situation and your ambition, between where you are now†¦ and where you want to be.

A Taste of Honey

Shelagh Delaney was the author of the play A Taste of Honey. She was born in Broughton, Salford where she attended her three primary schooling. Her ambition was always to write that is why at her early age, she began writing. Unfortunately, the performance of Delaney was fair only as seen in her achievements in the early part of her career. She was not known for her writing that is why she focuses on how to develop her writing skills (McCully).Delaney was a late bloomer in terms of her development in writing skills. In fact, when she started writing her novel, A Taste of Honey, she realized that it will be better to transform the novel into a play. Then eventually, the written novel was changed into a play.The main story of the play focused on a teen-aged working class girl refuses to conform to her dreary surroundings. The play tells the viewer typical social problems of Britain like poverty. The play director, Joan Littlewood, suggested that the play must be portrayed by a simple o r typical girl which the director based it from what the novel wants to impart to the audience.SUMMARYBefore going to the analytical and deep discussion on the play A Taste of Honey, it is better to summarize first the play. The main characters of the play are Josephine, Helen, Peter, The Boy, and Geoffrey.The Boy is a black sailor who was in love with Josephine but did not seen much in the play. Before he goes to the sea were he intended to leave for six months, he asked Josephine to marry him and gave her a ring as a sign of his love to her. From the play, The Boy impregnates Josephine.     Helen is the mother of Josephine. At the beginning of the play, she and her daughter had moved into a chilly and unclean flat house. Josephine was the product of Helen’s brief relation to a man who had divorced her eventually.The character of Helen was a hardened, middle-aged, working class alcoholic mother, while Peter is a young, wealthy man from London who was the reason why Helen leaves her daughter to start a new life. And the last main character is Geoffrey, a homosexual who happened to be Josephine’s roommate after she moved to another place. Geoffrey is the one who take care Josephine when she is still pregnant (Delaney).  The story is all about the adolescent of a normal girl, Josephine, a young working-class girl, is left alone and pregnant when her saloon-frequenting mother runs off to get married, and her lover, a Black sailor, returns to duty never to be seen again, but she finds help and friendship with Geoffrey, a homosexual art student.The stages of adolescenceThe purpose of this paper is to have a deep analysis or critical review about the play and focusing on the stages of adolescences of the main character who is Josephine.We know that all of us will undergo the stage of adolescence. Males and females have different stage or development periods just to say they are going or undergoing on the adulthood. The adolescence period is one o f the struggle and sometimes turmoil as the adolescent strives to develop a personal identity and achieve a successful transition from childhood to adulthood (Estes).The above paragraph shows the true meaning of adolosence period in a more technical or scientific manner. Though this can be considered for this paper, but I think what is more important to analyze are the changes that undergoes an adolescent in terms of psychological, mental, social and cultural changes. The psychological, cognitive and social changes associated with adolescences are the most complex and profound in any development period.Physical and sexual maturities are reached during adolescence with girls tending to experience both puberty and growth spurt earlier than boys. Although Josephine had a sexual relation with The Boy, this cannot be associated only with the sexual maturity of Josephine but more deep which is the social and emotional condition of Josephine when she decided to have sexual relation. This p art will be discussed as we go along the way.A normal adolescence period will have developed increasingly sophisticated cognitive and interpersonal skills, test out adult roles and behaviors and begin to explore educational and occupational opportunities that will significantly influence future adult work life and socioeconomic status. In the case of Josephine, her personal strength was tested when she was left by her mother in exchange to the wealthy man.Josephine strived not only for herself but also for her child who is still in her womb. Josephine had learned to deal with other people in order to survive from the harsh environment. She first met The Boy who had shown affection for Josephine. In adolescence period, there will come a time that we will be attracted to the opposite sex and this what Josephine experienced in the middle part of the play.They both had a short affair. Due to alienation and loneliness, she decided to have sex relation with The Boy. There are many reasons why a person undergoing adolescence period wants to engage into sex. Some is for the physical and sexual maturity while others is because they have some emotional and social problems and thought that having sex will eliminate all these problems. In the case of Josephine, I think she has deeper purpose why she decided have sex and not only for physical maturity (Savage).I think the main reason why Josephine had undergone a not so normal adolescence stage is because her abnormal social and economic status of their family. Single parent is one of the sensitive issues in our society because it concerns children physical, mental, and emotional development. From the play, Josephine has single-parent households.We know for the fact that our parents are the ones who have the major responsibility in caring, teaching and nurturing the values needed in our development as a child and as adulthood (Belcastro). They are the one who will guide and stand behind us in every steps, decisions, choice s as well our falls. Without them, there can only be two ways where we will go, the right way or the wrong way.If the personality of the person is weak, then he or she will be easily go to the wrong path of adolescence period while if the person does not being hindered by many physical, emotional and social problems, then he or she can overcome all these and will go to the right path.These problems that were represented from the play were all good picture of what the country, Great Britain, is experiencing when Delaney wrote it. I think the author want to emphasize every problem to the viewers and internalize on how to deal with these. The author wants to impart or educate on what is really happening in their society. This is like a call to response on these problems on which she used the abnormal stage of adolescence.

Analysis of Humaneness of Hebrew Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis of Humaneness of Hebrew Law - Essay Example The society at the time was divided of the noble and commoners. Hebrew law was so mindful of life that if a kidnapping took place but with the intention of selling to caravan traders, this was a capital crime. Another offense that carried the same weight was striking a fellow man and killing him. However, there were exceptions to the laws, it the person that was stroke did not die but woke up after a day or two, punishment would be in the form of financial compensation. Notably, there is a difference between the Hebrew law and biblical laws. While the Hebrew law permitted taking life for an act of house invasion, the Bible does not give leeway. The writers of Deuteronomy emphasized in Moses’ teaching to the Hebrews. It was to govern them upon entering Canaan. Deuteronomy reflects the new challenges faced by the Hebrew in entering Canaan and the law was pivoted along fairness in judgment. The people were expected to appoint judges in all the towns according to the tribes present, and that no one was to pervert justice. In the time, seventh century B.C, a single witness was not enough for an accused person to be found guilty. At least two was needed for righteousness to be achieved. If a brother gave false witness against another and this was found out, it would be done to him what he intended for the other. Treatment of slaves was fair in that, a slave who escapes from his master for oppression was not to be returned to him. The Hebrew law was to govern the Hebrews in the period after coming from Egypt and before entering Canaan. It was the legislation of Moses as depicted in Exodus. The writers of Deuteronomy intended that it be used to achieve justice and righteousness upon entering Canaan. It was a reform program that was linked to the laws of Moses, and the central theme was to attain justice for every party in a conflict. Written as though it was the last speech of Moses, Deuteronomy reflects the new problems

Priorities of Ford Motor Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Priorities of Ford Motor Company - Essay Example From among the enumerated criteria, Ford Motor Company should use measures of value, priorities, and importance of elements to decide which of the four listed options is best. The measures of value should use a cost-benefit analysis of all the options and select the option that would maximize profits. Means of judging would determine the capacities of the decision-makers (board of directors or the president) in arriving at the chosen alternative or courses of action. Priorities would set the tone of the recommendations depending on short-term and long-term plans of the company. Finally, the importance of elements would incorporate internal resources (personnel, union, and policies, among others) and external factors (competitors, markets). If market conditions can and do change, Ford Motor Company should build-in flexibility to back-up its decision-making process by considering the following approaches: design back-up plans for courses of action that are opted to be second-best alter natives. For example, if the goal of the company for the short-term is to cut-down on losses, the alternative courses of action would focus on cutting down on costs and in streamlining operations. However, if demand for cars suddenly increases due to an economic boom, then a backup plan should consider giving personnel incentives (overtime pay) for requiring them to work excess hours to meet increases in demand. Focus on research and scanning the environment to anticipate changes and incorporate deviations from actual plans at specified time frames. For example, if the long-term plan is to close down the plants that produce trucks and SUVs within two years, but an increase in demand is seen due to growths of emerging markets in Asia (particularly China) within two years, then, the long-term plan of closing the identified plants could be delayed, as needed.  

Green Zone Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Green Zone - Dissertation Example According to the research findings it can therefore be said that as the primary target of Urbanwell is to develop a facility that will have a positive impact on the living standard of the community and harness a culture of growth and development. Another aspect of paramount importance is the sustainability of the facility that is to be developed, as this venture does not consider financial profit making as its prime motive. But the self-generation and regulation of finance will provide stability to the social enterprise. Urbanwell is a charity organisation and being cost effective in its service charges is of utmost importance as well and this aspect will completely change the business and operational model of the enterprise. Lastly and most importantly the element of risk must be minimum as we are aware of the fact that the profit margin is going to be very short and so will be a recovery time incase a loss is faced. Hence all actions must be analysed and counterproductive actions m ust be highlighted and eliminated. Concluding, what Urbanwell requires is facility that is cost effective both to the end user and establishment, sustainable on economic, environmental, cultural grounds and provide progressive and healthy growth to the community. For these reasons we as development consultants propose that Urbanwell must make its investment of about  £ 3.5 Million in developing â€Å"Green Zone†.... According to the report 25 percent of boys and 33 percent of girls aged between 2 and 19 years are overweight or obese. Then more than 60 percent of adult males will be stated as obese by 2050.Whereas more than 50 percent of overweight children will become overweight adults. But the most distressing fact is that the amount of direct health service costs from obesity will increase 7 times by 2050 and it is to be noted that at present 45 Billion Pounds is spent on curative measures of obesity and obesity related illness. The statistics mentioned above are a clear indicative and propose themselves that we should seriously take some appropriate actions to safeguard our youth and preserve our future from the damage. We suggest that in order to create a healthy environment. We must develop facilities which provide both awareness and solution to the problem. For which we have come up with an idea of â€Å"Green Zone† whose aim would be to change the diet plan and eating habits of chi ldren in an interactive and unique manner. The marketing of Green Zone will not only help in increasing the sales of the company but will also aid in creating awareness of the problems associated with bad eating habits and illness. GreenZone would be working under the slogan of â€Å"Great Health is Great wealth†. It is to be noted that the Department of Health has come to a conclusion that the 71 million times UK children snack while traveling to and from school each week. This is a clear indicative of the potential market that we are going to focus. What we at Greenzone aim at is that firstly create awareness among people in general and mothers in specific that green and healthy diet is very

Nokia Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nokia - Case Study Example Nokia’s biggest strength is the reputed brand name and the acceptance of Nokia products in over 150 countries. Nokia products are custom made for each country and region considering the economic and cultural situations. Moreover Nokia products are easy to use and a wide range of telecommunication products are available from Nokia to cater the needs of all the segments of people in the world. Being the number one mobile manufacturer in the world, the resale value of the Nokia products are best in the industry. The major weakness of Nokia is the price of their product. Compared to other mobile manufacturers, Nokia products are expensive. Nokia is not offering much promotions and sales discounts to the customers compared to others. Moreover, after sales services of Nokia seems to be not adequate. Globalization and liberalization has offered Nokia lot of opportunities worldwide. The heavily populated and rapidly developing countries like India and China offer great opportunities for Nokia products. In developing countries like India the standard of living has increased a lot and people started to use expensive items and Nokia can easily capitalize on that (Scribd) The major threats for Nokia is from the competitors like, Motorola, Sony Erikson, LG, Samsung etc. Apple has recently introduced a touch screen phone which was new in that category. Even though Nokia has introduced some substitutes for countering the Apple threat, it was not successful enough to beat the Apple challenge. Recently Nokia has experience a major problem in India when some of the Nokia batteries started to burst. Nokia forced to replace all the batteries of a particular series in India which actually damaged the reputation of Nokia in India. Nokia unveiled plans to launch a slew of services for mobile users, starting later this year in Europe and Asia. The scheme

Information security management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Information security management - Essay Example Both threats and vulnerabilities need to be considered concurrently. Threats can provide damage to the confidentiality, availability and integrity of information present in the information systems. They explore opportunities for security breaches to cause confidential data invasion via unauthorized access, amendment of data, removal of information from information systems. Threats can hit the network from various sources. Threats are confidential on the parameters of different capabilities and approach including external approaches by cyber criminals, hackers, terrorists. For handling threats of different nature different risk mitigation and control methodologies are required in the context of protecting the prioritized information systems. Vulnerabilities are the weaknesses which are present in the system against the current threats. Vulnerabilities can be distinguished as security loop holes in the system. If hackers find these loop holes in the system, results are devastating incl uding unauthorized access, amendment or complete deletion of the system. A recent example is the hacking of wiki leaks website which impacted the whole world and also affected strategic and economic relations between countries as various confidential documents were leaked out from the website. Vulnerabilities are successful due to policy weaknesses, inadequate implementation of security infrastructure, and information of personal issues. For identifying any possible threats, testing of the security infrastructure including network components, hardware and software is essential which may occur in the future. The risk is defined as the likelihood of different threats via different circumstances, which are affecting the network and information systems. The circumstances should consider the strategy, security measures, environmental measures, own experience and the experience of other connected entities in the context of information security failure. The impact calculation is also requi red in terms of data integrity, availability; confidentiality and the cost associated with the fixing systems, lost availability and other related issues which are of prime concern to the network and information system operations. Measurements consist of Cost which is used to protect the information and systems Value of the information and information systems Threat probability and occurrence Effectiveness of Controls Hazards determine the identities and quantities of any chemicals or harmful substances present as pollute causes in the environment. There are different type of hazards required for cleaning and maintenance of the office furniture and items. Hazards may masquerade to human health or the network and information systems when spilled out accidentally by mistake. They also require flammable characteristics which may occur in severe threats and help to increase fire or other incidents. Assets are the components serving internally, as well as externally, within the network. Assets can be divided in to several different information technology environments. The physical infrastructure contains Servers, workstations, data centers, switches, routers etc. The core infrastructure contains virtual private networks, Microsoft active directory, domain controllers, email servers etc. The Internet infrastructure co

Growth and Development of Child Abuse Assignment

Growth and Development of Child Abuse - Assignment Example About 1 in 16 children are noted to suffer from sexual abuse and nearly 1 in 10 children are witness to incidences of family violence. A report by the US DOH, points out that the youngest children are found to be most vulnerable to abuse. The report showed that in the period ranging from 2009-2011, children between the ages of 0-5 years experienced the highest rates of maltreatment (DoH, 2013). These findings are supported by those presented by the children’s rights organization Safe Horizon that showed that over 25% of the total number of abused children was essentially under the age of three while an astounding 45% of abused children were under the age of 5 years (Safehorizon, 2014). In 2012, the total number of children who died due to child abuse was recorded at 1,563. Of this number, 70.3% were found to be younger than 3 years and 44% were reported to be younger than one year of age. The report on the 2012 data also showed that children of both genders were similarly likely to be victims of child abuse as indicated by the fact that in 2012, 48.5% of the total number of abused children were boys while 51.2% of the abused children. However at 57.6%, the rate of child fatality was recorded to be much higher for boys. Babies in this age demographic were reported as often being the victims of shaken baby syndrome that causes them to suffer from different forms of trauma such as bone and rib fractures, various degrees of damages to their neck and spinal cord as well as bleeding from the brain or eyes. 1 in 4 shaken baby syndrome victims eventually dies and nearly all victims tend to eventually experience serious health consequences (Safehorizon, 2014). Â