Slve trades and industrial revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Slve slynesss and industrial vicissitude - Essay ExampleA farmer who produced for his family did not require a commercialise precisely when the superfluous pig or eggs were taken to the local market to sell in exchange of coin, a market system came into existence. This coin was used to buy cloth for the family. The capital was now better employed because it could produce something. The market started penetrating material life, the peasant started having an income with which to buy goods, and the labor and land became subject to the market process. The capitalist could then hire labor and rent the land in order to reduce cost by operating on a larger scale than just for the family.The organization of capital changed but the people are not capitalists. Everyone is a worker or a small business humans producing commodities. Small businesses sell their services or their produce in exchange for some money plot the capitalist starts by borrowing money to produce a commodity and sell it for money. This requires input of labor, au naturel(p) material and other inputs and the intention is profit. This is the social dissipation, the new form that the capital took since 1400.The Atlantic slave trade that started as a trickle in 1440s grew gradually through 17th century. By 1780 an average of 80000 African slaves arrived on American shores (MSN, 2006). Slaves were the greatest exports at one point of time. The plantation slavery in the Americas and the Atlantic slave trade became important to the global expansion of capitalism.When technology was introduced in farming labor became surplus in Europe but emerging capitalism financed explorations in Africa, Asia and the western hemisphere. New World fortunate led to even more rapid European expansion. As the capitalists started viewing the New World as a potential for agricultural productions, the need for labor expanded. This led to the exploitation of slave labor. The vast absolute majority of slaves transported to America worked on agricultural plantations. The Atlantic slave trade gained

Leading and managing teams Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leading and managing team up ups - Essay Exampleit will focus on factors boosting efficient teams as healthy as setbacks for the same and impact of organization culture and technology on teams in modern backing environment.Teamwork helps pool knowledge of different workers together, which help anticipate for current situation or prospected issue at work place. According to Beblin, individuals with high voice public presentation are said to fit naturally to team role while those that are above average have the ability to assume and work on the team roles, but those below average should avoid team role (Senior 1998, p.58). Therefore, it is notable that individual role is considerable in formulating team role in order to try combine individuals with a equal competencies that will enable have a functional team role which suits ability of every team member. Nevertheless, management of teamwork faces some difficulties team role balance usually affects teamwork a great deal resultin g to undesired results (Senaratne& Gunawardane 2015, p.13). Hence, it is important to consider individual role before setting up teamwork in order to correspond those with similar personality. Conversely, modern enterprises should address the issue of poor performance to evoke high profitability. Poor performance can be addressed by appraising workers individually and recognizing their efforts through rewards and promotions. Furthermore, conflicts are obvious in a group set up, modern business organizations ought to set up conflict solving committees to enhance smooth working environment where workers reconcile after wronging each other.Empowerment pushes teamwork performance a incise higher especially when members are delegated authority to make decision on their own depending on their position. A study conducted in Jordanian glass and ceramic industry indicated that empowerment and allowing employees in contributing towards effective teamwork resulted to high performance (Judeh 2011, p 205). However, the results showed that gender or marital

McDonald's Corporation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

McDonalds Corporation - Case Study ExampleStill, the organization has increasingly experimented with foods on the fringe of its menu, including health options such as salads and snack wraps, as well as regional special(prenominal) restaurant items. Company History Founders Richard and Maurice McDonald in San Bernardino, California engrafted McDonalds in 1940 as a barbeque restaurant. In 1948 the brothers stopped serving barbeque and began a hamburger and fries based approach, implementing flowing production methods (Sowell, 2009). While McDonalds would ultimately experience the most long-lasting gains as a declaration of the implementation of these production methods, they was first established in 1928 by the White Castle food filament (Sowell, 2009). For McDonalds the switch resulted in tremendous success for the small company and it was not long in front they experienced demand for expansion. In 1955 Ray Kroc would join the company as the first franchise agent. Kroc would est ablish a McDonalds in Des Plaines, Illinois and kick off the organizations staggering harvest-time numbers (Sowell, 2009). While Kroc was not an organization founder today he is perhaps most recognise as the revolutionizing organizational force. Building on the original restaurant model, Ray Kroc would establish many of the elements that widen to the present day. Most prominently Kroc would establish the rigid standards for franchises, ensuring that the McDonalds experience was uniform throughout each restaurant. The 1960s would witness many of these innovations including the establishment of the iconic Golden Arches logo in 1961 (Sowell, 2009). Kroc would go on to institute the first-large scale advertising campaign this yr with the slogan look for the Golden Arches (Sowell, 2009). A year later the organization would introduce the Ronald McDonald character as an advertising spokesman. In large part these first advertising efforts, an approach that would come to be characteris tic of the McDonalds empire, greatly contributed to the organizations long-term success. In 1965 McDonalds would go public on the New York Stock Exchange the ticker type MCD. Throughout the years small but significant contributions would be made to the organization, including the introduction of the now germinal Big Mac in 1968 and the Happy Meal in 1979 (Sowell, 2009). Organization There are a number of prominent organizational elements within McDonalds Corporation. While McDonalds is a multinational fraternity they retain a centralized organizational structure, headquartered in Oak Brook, Illinois. In terms of supply chain management procedures, all McDonalds stores receive products from the same vendors, ensuring uniformity among supplier stores. All corporate decisions are made in the United States headquarters. The organizations chief executive officer is Jim Skinner ( organizational chart mcdonalds, 2011). Skinner is responsible to McDonalds board members, the chairman of whom is Andrew McKenna (Organizational chart mcdonalds, 2011). Skinner oversees a number of structural divisions, including brand, cfo, human resources, legal and secretary, restaurant, supply chain and franchising, coo, Europe, and APAC and MEA (Organizational chart mcdonalds, 2011). These organizations have get on oversight on a variety of other prominent structural elements.

Building and ethical organization procedure and characteristics the Essay

Building and ethical geological formation procedure and characteristics the case of Medicare Services Ltd - Essay ExampleThe organization has been divided into two major parts, the Human Needs section and the Medical Needs section. The first sensation refers exclusively to the provision of mental support in various cases including mental illnesses of temporary or unchanging character. The above support is provided without a differentiation between the mental illnesses that have a genetic agent and those that have been developed gradually or by accident after a severe psychological pressure. As for the pure Medical department, this can handle all types of medical problems even severe injuries. The lawsuit for such an extended area of activity is that the institutes human resources department decided to implicate a multi skills element when deciding the structure, the roles and the knowledge of the organizational workforce. The only problem seems to be the absence of sufficien t space for a long-term residence of patients. At the moment, in both departments only a bypass term residence is available, however, there is a plan for the extension of the institutes space with there-construction of a near-by building which is also included in the institutes property.

Analyzing article for Derivatives Risk and Management Class Essay

Analyzing article for Derivatives Risk and Management Class - Essay ExampleFor mothers, they might take up an option to be a plain housewife or to be a functional mom. For figureing p arents with meager income, they might deplete an option to start a new business and leave their jobs or to continue working for a company. All of these options seem to have a thing in communal uncertainty and the need of a decision. However, decisions are non made issue of thin air they have to be carefully woven and a well thought because any wrong move would adjoin the success of ones own life. The question then is how to come up with a buy the farm decision. In business sense, there are so-called financial options that give individuals the right, not an obligation to fetch a business decision---usually involving capital investings. Basically, there are two types of methods. One is the traditional method, comm and utilise is the net present value, which solely assess the financial value of the decision therefore ignoring any scotch implications. The decision involved here will be very objective taking into account only the discount factors, cost of capital, etc. Using this method, if the computation produces a positive net present value, the investment must be pushed through. On the contrary, the second one, which is the real options method, is a modern approach to decision making. It takes into attachment the importance of a flexible management and a dynamic working atmosphere. Thus, clearly, it does not purely think on the financial aspect of the decision but also on its economic value. Options start to airfoil as they pose new opportunities. Opportunities of growth are commonly the main reason why individuals are looking out on them rather than sticking to their present condition. However, the results of these opportunities may or may not materialize in the short-run, medium-term, or long run. There are a lot of factors to be considered originally considering an option hence it may take some time to come up with a closing decision. First is the irreversibility of the decision. Once a person is already at it, he/she cannot easily escape from the realms of his/her decision. Second, fortune loss may be mop upset by waiting for the appropriate time to implement the action. In other words, an allowance for a delay in decision-making is provided in order to make more good decisions. To meet these two requirements, there are these real options that are allows you to exercise what you want to accomplish in the future. To show a concrete example, consider a young man who recently graduated from a university with a bachelors degree in business administration. After finally getting out of the academe, he had in mind two options to continue his studies in Law School or to work in the corporate world and earn money. In this case, whatever the decision is, a trade off will exist. Notice also that whatever decision he chooses, then it would be irre versible as it would mean a waste of time and money. If he goes to Law School, that means he has to forego the product line that he has taken up for years and enter a new realm or tutor of thought. Therefore, there is an opportunity cost involved here. However, there is a need to do so in order to be flexible enough to face the world waiting for him outside the academe. Financially, it would not be favorable for him to take up law because he will just be spending another(prenominal) years in law school both with time and

Persian and Mughal Miniatures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Iranian and Mughal Miniatures - rise ExampleAs the essay declares the picture shows were usually used in books. These are small in size. These paintings burgeon forth from the practice of evaluating initial letter of the chapter with red paint. The materials usually used in these were perishable materials such as paper, cloth, parchment etc.This paper discusses that the are known for their realistic looks and intricate details. The picture planes are obtusely filled, high horizon line and there was a huge emphasis on the various patterns. Persian artist used bright colors prominently for their miniatures. Emphasis was on the Proper utilization of painting surface. Miniature artist start this painting with some theme in their mind. The artwork depicts the themes i.e. battles, court scenes and known stories. The two first and famous Persian artists Mir-Sayyid Ali and Abd-us-samad came to India along with Mugal Emperor Humanyun. The earliest work that comes under the form of Mughal painting is The princess of the house of Timur. Pigments and materials used in the paintings. Wide uses of paper for the miniatures are found. After Humayun the Art and horticulture flourished in the regime of Akbar, Jahangir, and Shah Jahan. During Akbars period the miniatures were evolved into realistic and secular form from the unrealistic and religious form. Akbar was rattling fond of these miniatures. He got it done for stories, legends, potrais etc.

How the Hip Hop Music Culture Spread Into Eastern Countries Essay

How the Hip Hop Music Culture Spread Into easterly Countries - Essay ExampleThrough the mandatory learning of the modern English language in east countries during the 80s, to the technological revolution, including the accessibility of the internet and television, hip- skip over music has been embraced, as well as evolved, within the East, as well as the rest of the world. Hip hop music originated in the United States of America in the 1970s, primarily in the Bronx in the state of New York in New York City (History, 2011). Though America, cover version then, was a for the most part considered to have a etiolate majority, with many of its most successful blood line people being white, hip-hop music was actually created primarily by the African-American and Latino-American cultures (History, 2011) who chose to partake their hard life and street experiences as a minority in a primarily white society through the use of street poetry, or rap music, if you will. The rhythm, rhyme and outrageous company themes of hip-hop/rap became so overwhelmingly popular that it drew crowds of all races and ages, especially the youth. However, in some(prenominal) of the Eastern countries, the lack of exposure to the genre caused a delay, especially in Europe, of its acceptance and evolution.Once introduced in America however, it wasnt long until the business people of America, regardless of the question of morality or darkness of its themes, realized that hip-hop music and the African-American and Latino-American cultures had the power to make music that could be marketed for a dire profit. Underground hip-hop artists and various rappers and hip hopsters began recording and distributing music across America. Though hip hop/rap music was not considered mainstream American music, the artists and their investors were making profits off marketing the underground releases.

Physical and Social Developement of Adolescents Issues Essay

Physical and Social Developement of Adolescents Issues - Essay ExampleThis paper aims at exploring different issues related to sensual and social takement of adolescents and the impact of those ontogenesisal changes on them.The adolescence period is featured by dramatic physiological changes that in practice leading them to move forward from a child to an adult. Hence, adolescence period is a transitional period, where an individual reaches to the physical maturity. This period distinguishes among males and females quite evidently by developing internal characteristics, however, the secondary sexual characteristics become visible during prepubescent period.In the prepubescent period, a female may begin to develop her breast buds around the age of 8 years, which take the mature shape with full breast development during late adolescent phase. Apart from that, public hair growth - armpit and leg - has been observed during 9 to 10 years, where the distribution pattern becomes prevale nt at the age of 13 to 14 years. Another remarkable physical change occurs in adolescent females with the menarche2. In general, the menarche occurs after 2 years of prepubescent changes. A female may undergo menarche at early at the age of 10 years and as late as 15 years.However, the puberty is not identified with a sudden fire of pubertal changes in case of males, as it happens with females with menstrual changes. In case of males, the scrotal and testicular changes occur during 9 years of age along with a lengthening of penis size, whereas it reaches to its adult size around 15 - 16 years of age. Public hair growth in the areas of armpit, leg and face is noted at the age of 12 years, whereas it reaches to its adult distribution at the age of 15 to 16 years. The occurrence of nocturnal emissions3 in around every 2 weeks interval consisting of seminal fluid may define the onset of puberty among male adolescents. This typically occurs during the age of 13 years to 17 years. A con temporaneous reinvigorated of growth in line of longitude is noticed between ages of around 10.5 to 11 years and 16 to 18 years, with a peak period characterized around the age of 14 years. Another significant change in males occurs with the changes in voice which is usually parallel to penile development, whereas the occurrence of nocturnal emissions corresponds with the peak period of height spurt. Social DevelopmentThe radical and dynamic changes both at physical and psychological level end-to-end the adolescent period make it typically distinct from other phases of development. An adolescent, irrespective of gender, experiences an individualized form of self consciousness, sensitivity about the surrounding environment and an increased concern over ones own body theatrical role along with excruciating evaluation between own self and peers. An important aspect of the psychosocial development impart to the adolescence period is adolescent egocentrism. According to Elkind (196 7), adolescent egocentrism includes a belief system carried by adolescents that makes them to weigh as special and unique which is accompanied with the accomplishment of new psychological abilities. Adolescent egocentrism is characterized with an complex number audience with an increased self consciousness. Adolescents consider that their people in their surrounding areas, especially peers, observe their activities,

Business Concept Description Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Concept definition - Essay ExampleSmall-scale producers gain through Rare Teas buying harvests up-front by saving associated costs for their distribution.What is unique about the product of Rare Tea is the presence of trust it places with its humble producers that could generate high-standard tone of voice of topper-tasting tea in the world. Adhering to this leads to buyer-producers relationship, which the bottom line is to hold fast to product quality and sustainability, while Rare Tea continues to take charge of the entire distribution through buying harvests up-front.Ensuring the best quality and sustainable supplies of best-tasting tea leaves is a remarkable way of giving high value for customers needs. This is to acquit sure that the customers will always have the quality product the moment they need it. In addition, the human beings of fair trade from farm to customers would guarantee generating the right price for the product.The Rare Tea, as a pocket-sized comp any is trying to beat highly established vast private tea farms. Its long-standing relationship with producers under(a) small-range farming allows it to explore vast opportunity across the world as there are self-employed person tea farmers waiting for their break. Aggregating all their productions could help Rare Tea Company address the prevailing merchandise demand for quality tea products.As a small company, Rare Tea needs to expand, which would assume funding coming from highly established financial institutions. Potential investors seeing Rare Teas business sustainability may express possibility to start their investment with the

Global Inequality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Global Inequality - Essay Examplehermore, it has provided an effective platform to riseing countries to develop themselves through different available opportunities in this global village. However, it is observed that such globalization has not been in truth beneficial for many countries, and it has affected them in a negative manner. Specifically, this paper will discuss and learn some of the significant aspects of effects of globalization in especially developing countries.In the past, developing countries utilize to await the opportunity of globalization due to its characteristic of boosting economy, as well as, improvement of society standards in the country. However, recent wave of globalization has been quite different due to a number of social, economical, and cultural factors, which has resulted in an economic strain of developing economies due to globalization. In this regard, attempt of globalization has now become a debatable question for the developing countries, which will be discussed in this paper. In order to understand the consequences, it is very imperative to identify some of the pros and cons of the term globalization. In specific, it is observed that developing countries acquire the opportunities to increase their bailiwick income through presence of competition in globalized platform.In the result, such countries are able to access the cracking on global level, and in other words, capital is not restricted to national level, resulting in great opportunities for the improvement of living standards. (Prasad et. al, 2003) As earlier mentioned, information technology has played a crucial contribution in the advancement of globalization, and therefore, globalization allows developing countries to equip themselves with technological tools that are now essential for economic, social, as well as, cultural growth. Additionally, globalization is not only beneficial for countries on national level however, it brings developmental and promotion al opportunities for individuals as well, as an

Conflict in a case study about conflict intervention in somalia Essay

Conflict in a case study about betrothal intervention in somalia from1992 to 2010 - Essay ExampleAddressing these issues would also mean the promotion of broad objectives like the U.S. contrary policy to ensure regional stability in the whole of Africa in terms of trade and investments, back up human rights and democracy and removing situation and circumstances which provides protected havens for the international terrorists and drug traffickers. The anarchy that followed the collapse of Somalia as a nation advance in 1991 fathered large-scale migration of populations the nation was facing economic chaos and the incidences of push-down storage violence. The persistence of these problems triggered political dangers as groups emerged whose main aim was to initiate fight and empower leaders. (Ohaegbulam, 2004, p. 65) Root gain of the conflict During the late 1980s the coalition of the three classs- the Marreexaan, Ogaadeen and the Dhulbahante popularly known as the MOD nether the leadership of President Maxamad Siyaad Barre was a declaration of state of war against the Isxaaqs of the previous British colony in the northwestward which was organized into the Somali National Movement- the SNM. He also organized the Majeerteens in the northeast as the Somali Salvation Democratic front, the SSDF and the Hawiyas to Mogadishus direct west and south, which was organized as the United Somali Congress, known as the USC. ... The SNM were angry about the fact that their army could not make it to Mogadishu- the major sphere holdings of the Isxaaqs before the armies of the USC. The SNM were reluctant of reversive home in the north but they had to, so while returning they created a rump state. In the meantime the USCs military leader Maxamad Faarax Aideed from the Habar Gidir subclan challenged Mahdis right to the presidency. whence these all resulted in the inter-clan war in 1991 to gain a control over Somalia. Beside this an inter clan war also took place to ha ve a control over Mogadishu. The absence of the central organisation placed the inelegant at a disadvantage, as there was nobody to negotiate on the behalf of the state and both the Somali population and the international relief workers were vulnerable to attack. (Lahneman, 2004, p. 31 Webersik, 2004, p. 518 Somalia Civil War, n.d The civil war in Somalia, n. d) The Social Economic and Political crisis After the collapse of the Somali state in January 1991 the country faced disorganization in their education and learning system, which was an impact of the division of the clan in the country. In the process of the social breakdown the schools, technical education centers and the university faced the worst consequences. The infrastructures of the institutes were destroyed. The major victims of the civil war were the children, as nearly 3000 of them were dying every day in the early days of 1992. (Abdi, 1998, pp. 327-328) The situation at that time had worsened in the South especiall y in Mogadishu where the instances of well armed youths on with their armed Land Rovers roamed around the city and the roadways plundering and looting masses, extorting

DE 8032 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

DE 8032 - Essay ExampleThis is usually run by organizations for profit and contributions paid by people. Additionally, social insurance is also used where employees and employers make compulsory contributions in form of premiums to cater for non-employed individuals (Pauly, McGuire & Barros, 2011).The financial support structure, as well as, payer mix is different in these different documentation modes. This is especially so in the in the general taxation. General taxation is very efficient because of its containment aspect. Additionally, its financing strategy forces prioritization of cash limited wellnesscare budgets set by the government allowing tradeoffs with other(a) public health priorities homogeneous reduction of poverty and education. There is a low administrative cost in this mode of funding and can assist individuals during difficult times. This is because of the fact that it draws revenue from a wide base in minimizing distortions in economic sectors. One of the org anizations that has really benefited from this funding methodology is the National Cancer Institute. Additionally, national institute of health is another institution that is funded using the general tax.Organizations are usually dynamic structures that are managed like other systems and they usually function excellently when their components are designed to operate together efficiently and smoothly. Therefore, alignment of healthcare organizational mission, vision and values with the department, division as well as individual exertion should be resurrectd. Leaders can achieve this by building an efficient leadership system that integrates individual performance with the organizations mission and vision. This can also be achieved obtaining and maintaining long-term support by the presidential term executives. This can also be achieved by allowing people to generate ideas which will enhance their performance and as well as cohesion. Leaders can embark on setting appropriate strat egies that will enhance individual

Compare and contrast the romantic relationship Essay

Comp atomic number 18 and contrast the romantic relationship - Essay ExampleIn the impression The Princess Diaries 2 Royal Engagement, the be intimate is illogical because it shows a false dichotomy by forcing Princess Mia to choose either Andrew Jacoby or Nicholas Devereaux to be her future husband in contrast, Love is a Fallacy does not give veritable love because the character chose love based on logic. These two love stories reveal that love washstand be logical, illogical, or emotional, and therefore may not always be true love.The scene The Princess Diaries 2 Royal Engagement is about Genovias Princess Mia Thermopolis, who has to find a husband so that she can take her grandmothers place as the Queen of Genovia. Mia starts to find a man that meets her deification criteria as a husband. From all of the men that have been introduced to her, she discovers Andrew Jacoby, the Duke of Kenilworth. She starts to date Andrew but then discovers Nicholas Devereaux. Mia and Nichola s always commove but while they are fighting, their love starts to grow. There is a dilemma inside Princess Mias flavor to choose Andrew or Nicholas. This situation seems illogical because when people are in love there are no concrete reasons for why they are in love. Princess Mia would choose Andrew because he is the Duke of Kenilworth and she would become the queen of Genovia. When true love appears in someones life, they tend to act illogically and are unable to appreciate straight.On the other hand, the purpose that Nicholas wants to be with Princess Mia is because his uncle wants him to become the King of Genovia for the benefit of their family. At first, Nicholas uses this logical view to get Princess Mia, but as the story progresses, he falls in love with her without using logic. He believes that he will lose Princess Mia because she will marry Andrew, but Princess Mia finally decides not to marry Andrew because he is not her true love. To express his feeling to Princess Mia, Andrew said, You are, in fact. I am in love with the Queen-to-be, and

History of architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

History of architecture - Essay ExampleThe plans did not contain whole the elements in the actual buildings, which were requisite of the architectural drawings. The separation between technology and architecture was achieved by the unadulterated structure and physical plants of the sectional drawings. This implies that architecture focused on the structure of a construction musical composition technology handled the rest of the physical plant. The modern practice combines all the technological and structural requirements of buildings by including every aspect in the plans (Banham 14).I think ancient architectural designs were just concentrated on the pick up finishing of buildings. This gave the engineers the freedom to add new concepts pertaining to the preference of the home owners. The hold indicates that some of the olden features of a building were not included in the plans, but revealed the skills of the builders. This implies that the principles guiding modernists did not apply then and this was spoilt to the welfare of the home owners. It is evident that the article highlights the milestones that architectural works have surpassed to give modern designs and inspirations (Banham 16). The article also gives examples of ancient architects who inspired designs and plans that contributed to the developments in the

Getting caught by your child Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Getting caught by your child - Essay ExampleThe poem does non begin with the speaker describing his love make but starts with what the speaker can do when he is not making love to his spouse, the speak could play music or sit up talking with both reasonably sober Irishmen. Apart from describing the physical characteristics of the indivi two-fold, the simile snores like a bullhorn serves a dual function and describes that the speaker will sleep sounding like a bullhorn later on making love to his spouse.In the landmarks 3 and 4, the germ describes his son Fergus by stating and Fergus will only sink deeper into his untroubled sleep. The author cunningly uses the name Fergus for his son, who is a great warrior king of Ulster in a noteworthy Irish legend. The author in goes by all in one flash describes his sons peaceful sleep. The author describes that the child himself never feels that he slept because he wakes up so fresh.In line six, the speaker describes the large(p) breath ing of his son as he drifts into a deeper sleep. The writer drastically changes the scenario in the next line by stating that the child wakes up in his safe bed with a stifled cry i.e. a forceful and suffocating cry. In line 8, the speaker describes how frightened his child is from being wrenched out of his dreamless sleep by stating, And he will wrench himself awake and make for it on the run-ad now we evasiveness together.The author uses alliterations by stating come cry and wrench in an effort to resonate the zeal of the childs pain and fear. The speaker describes that his son running away from his to the bedroom, where they lay peacefully touching the length of their bodies after making quiet and tender love.The writer takes the opportunity to describe the title of the poem after making love we hear footsteps in the lines from 11 to 15. The speaker concomitantly describes the fear of the child and the familiar feel of making love to his spouse in the lines, make for it on the r un and

Oceanography Today Essay Example for Free

Oceanography Today studyThe speed of sound waves in the ocean ranges from 4,800 to 5,100 feet per second, depending on water temperature, salinity, and depth. This speed is about 4 and ? measure the average speed of sound waves in the air. Sound waves can travel great distances in regions of token(prenominal) velocity called sound channels. In 1960 the sound from depth charges exploded by a Columbia University look into ship onward southwestern Australia was detected in a sound channel by hydrophones off Bermuda, 12,000 miles away.In addition to determining the shape of the ocean floor, sonar equipment is physical exertiond for navigation, to prove submerged submarines, and to locate schools of fish. Porpoises and certain species of sea lions have a natural form of sonar. They emit high- frequency sound pulses, which they use to avoid collisions and to search for food. A fully submerged submarine can communicate with a nearby submarine or surface ship by means of an under water telephone. This device transmits voice signals directly through water. Reference 1. Blair, Carvel. (1986). Exploring the Sea Oceanography Today. Random House Publishing.

Culture and Social Structure Essay Example for Free

Culture and Social building EssayCulture is a difficult thing to strictly define. Such a large build of societal aspects fall under its realm, that its sometimes complicated to draw a line between what is fork of a burnish and what is not. To put it in extremely vague terms, acculturation is a way of life. all(prenominal) the traits that make up a take upicular society, from religious beliefs to modes of dress to art to methods of farming, build up a floriculture. Culture includes the good and the bad, the old and the new, the strong and the weak essentially it includes everything. Many varieties of cultures exist. There ar the intelligible ethnic cultures African-American culture, Latino culture, Greek culture, etc., distributively with their own foods, art, religion, familial roles, and values. American culture, for example, is generally considered to be relaxed apple pie, blue jeans, baseball and the like. Family roles are not set in stone, there is freedom to subscribe a religion based on ones own comfort (or choose no religion at all), and while a certain level of honorableity is maintained, values are generally loose.Compare this to the culture of the remote parts of India. There, a woman is required to serve her husband and his family, even after his death. They are very devout, and there is only one religion to choose from. They are held to a strict moral code, and anyone who violates this code is considered an outcast.There are many other ways to consider culture. There is the culture of a particular age group. A septuagenarian has a way of life very different than that of a teenager. His music, dress, beliefs, and goals are generally dissimilar to those of his younger counterpart.Or there is the culture of a particular time period. Pre-historic culture is, through modern inventions and human development, very different than the culture of today.A very important part of any culture is the social structure within. The social structu re is essentially the roles or positions that particular individuals or groups in a culture fall into. For example, in the American culture, the President takes on a leadership role, those in the armed forces take on a protective role, and everyday citizens take on the indebtedness of keeping the economy alive.On a much smaller scale, the social structure exists within a family as well. In your typical family, the mother takes on a nurturing position, while the father takes on the function of earning money and providing for the others. Similarly, on a sports team, the coach is the leader, charged with guiding and motivating his players. The players themselves are responsible for move forth their best effort and taking the team as far as it can go.darn culture can be hard to define using words, one need only numerate around to experience everything that culture contains. Ones everyday life is culture, from the worldwide culture that everyone lives in, down to the personal cultur e of ones own house. Each person has a role in many different social structures, and each role is genuinely important. It is these roles, in these social structures that make up every part of every culture.

Between 1820 and 1860 there were a few fundamental differences between the economies of the North and South Essay Example for Free

Between 1820 and 1860 thither were a a few(prenominal) perfect differences between the economies of the due north and southeasterly Essay?Between 1820 and 1860 there were a few fundamental differences between the economies of the trade union and South. How far do you agree? Between 1820 and 1860 there were problems in America that resulted in the civil contend in 1861, the economy affected the North and South during the civil war, and some study differences helped win the civil war. However this does not mean that the economy had umteen fundamental differences. For example the methods of arrive ating funds were different, but overall both earned roughly the same amount of money. Firstly, the chief(prenominal) difference was that the North relied much to a greater extent on money from industry and manufacturing, as they had more(prenominal) connections with foreign countries, and more factories were built. In the North in 1860 there were 74,000 factories producing two thirds, of goods for America. Whereas in the South there were precisely 2 study factors Textiles factory in South Carolina and an Iron works in Virginia set up in 1840. Although they had few factories, the Iron works was vital, as it supplied the North with weaponry during the Civil war.In 1850 the South lonesome(prenominal) produced 10% of the nations make output. However the South did lack the industrialisation because their agricultural methods were so effective they had no wish for change. The South was also very traditional and disliked change, whereas seven out of eight immigrants had chosen to find in the North, and they had seen new ideas in other places in Europe so were welcome to change. This is shown by the Souths labour force being reduced from 82% to 81% over 60 years, on the other hand, the Norths labour force was reduced from 68% to 40% over the 60 years.This is however not a reflection on the North rapidly reducing agriculturally, because they unflurried rel ied on agriculture, and a lot of the North was still rural. Around the urban areas, the population was increasing as towns and cities were create swiftly. As the North had smaller but still prosperous farmers known as yeomen, they did not earn as much money through agriculture, because they did not have many or any slaves at all, so they could not produce the high quantities that the south did.Farmers that had lots of land were called plantation owners there were many more plantations in the south, and when the cotton gin was created in 1793, there was a boom in cotton, and the usefulness of having slaves increased. This made Southern plantation owners invest their capital in the Slaves, because they produced so much cotton, which was very lucrative. 55% of slaves worked in cotton which shows how much money was made out of it.The South needed to transport their goods to the North so that it could be transported abroad, but there was a lack of transport in South, as they only had 3 5% of the train tracks, which affected them in the Civil war. This meant it was fairly expensive to transport the cotton, but they still received a good amount of money if they lived near a train track. When the cotton arrived in the North the Lowell factory system meant the manufacturing of it was very cheap, which meant the North earnt a large margin on it.Although the endangerment of the South investing all their money in Slaves was that when slavery got banned, they lost a lot of money, which was partly why they were so keen to keep slavery. However only one quarter of the population own a slave, as they were expensive (in 1860 they were $1800 which was double the price in 1820). The Norths economy was based on innocent(p) labour whereas the Souths was based on slave labour, which meant that the Norths economy was more stimulated by the presence of workers with money who could buy products, which would make money for the company, which in turn would increase wages or hire mor e workers.The Souths economy was largely devoid of this benefit. Essentially, the economy in the South was weaker and only based on a few important exports (cotton, tobacco, and sugar). This made the South less diversified, as they focused their sales on cotton. another(prenominal) difference is tariffs in 1828 congress passes a controversial high protective evaluate. This majorly benefitted the North as they were the main distributors. However the South were very worried about this because they believed that if they stopped buying the expensive foreign goods, whence foreign countries would stop buying their goods, as they would have tax on them too.This affected the economy until the tax was promised to be reduced after the law in 1833. In contrast the North and South didnt have many fundamental differences. They both created a lot of money, and were not lacking at all, the only difference was the method in which was used to make the money. The economic diversification was simila r too, as 10% of Northerners owned 68% of the wealth, and the wealth was dominated by the plantation owners, called oligarchies, as there were few free-soilers. 12% of the plantation owners owned half the slaves.This shows that there were few farmers, but the big plantations owned many slaves. regular though the North seems to be more industrial, the South also made efforts to modernise industrially, but they beneficial lacked because of the closed opinions of the southerners. Also not many people in the North and the South owned slaves, it was more of a rare thing, and the main owners, owned a large amount of slaves. However there was a larger need for slaves in the South, because there was cheap labour force from Europe settling in the North which meant slaves were more expensive so were not deemed as important.Overall I think there were many differences between the North and South between 1820 and 1860. Some affected the outcome of the Civil war such as the transport boom, and the industrialisation in the North, but a fundamental point is that numerically they have equal amounts of income there were just different methods to earning the money. However the differences were major the amount of industrialisation, and amount of agriculture, the manufactured output, and the need for slaves, was all very different for the North and South. The main similarity was the economic diversification.

An Element of Art and Science Essay Example for Free

An fraction of Art and Science Essaystar divination provides a very debatable anatomy of knowledge that is principally assessed by the intelligent as a useless kind of knowledge, which only makes sense for the ignorant. At the kindred time astrology is usually associated with gypsies and hucksters, who are known for their deceptive and fake knowledge, as they try to wander people for their own financial interest. On the different hand, we find people with high education attempting to weigh astrology and very much respect the kind of knowledge it offers them. Whether much(prenominal) knowledge offered th shingly statement astrology in universities is worth doing or to be considered an inapplicable knowledge for high education is a critical decision to make, which requires obtaining a great insight about astrology it self as an academician field in order to be able to make a correct assessment. astrology is really a combined form of knowledge that both combine both the element of art and of attainment in its essence.It contains the mathematical element as well as the artistic element o symbolisation (Astrology? 891). Scientists usually disregard the art side of astrology and focus on the basic mathematical map of it, as they judge it as useless and insignifi terminatet. This actually destroys the wholeness and counterweight at bottom the realm itself. This whitethorn be considered a reason for mis apprehension the real value of knowledge in astrology.It is in addition a fact that every field is vulnerable to be used by ignorant people who indigent it totally of its meaning and value, in order to sell it as cheap as possible in a market of ignorance that unfortunately have many customers who are wiling to buy, again this helps in misunderstanding Astrology (Astrology? 891) and as there is the presence of the competent and the incompetent in every field, and people usually try for the best in every profession, so why exclude Astrology (Astr ology? 896).Astrology requires a train kind of thinking as it combines artistic and scientific knowledge, it suffer therefore never be considered as in earthshaking knowledge. It may not be appreciated by scientists due to the artistic element provided within it, and their total dependence on reason for discovering reality since the onset of the renaissance thus reviving such forms of knowledge actually, shows the evolution of knowledge and thinking that reflects the signifi grassce of transcendent forms of knowledge besides the pure sane ones.The astrological systemal knowledge in itself consists of a natural balance among intuitive and rational knowledge, and pitiful this balance will only lead to the production of inconsistent forms of knowledge that seem to appear on the surface to help in the generation of misunderstandings regarding astrology. The argument of scientists against Astrology reflects the on going disagreement between scientific knowledge and intuitive forms of knowledge. Scientists never necessitate the truth in any intuitive understanding, and they usually regarded as invalid.They never accept the fact the mystery is part of reality and that the rational mind can never be able to reach full understanding of the universe. Astrology is a balanced kind of knowledge as it respects both forms of thinking, which in fact a respect for nature and for the valet de chambre being as part of that nature. I feel that the purpose of a reading is to understand ones life challenges And potential, to provide an opportunity for self reflection and life Evaluation, as well as to confirm ones intuitive sense of what ones Life is about (Astrology? 895).Human beings as well as nature are make of matter and individual that can never be detached from each other as coherent as life is there. How can scientists reach the truth if they are actually altering the natural balance in life by looking for material proof and ignoring the intuitive reality of na ture? The soul remains a mystery that can never be explained by scientific truth, and science can not resolve the question of life and death. There fore, accepting astrology as a significant form of knowledge by a scientist is truly a question of him admitting intuition as a part of reality.From other side, if the depicted object had not been on intuition, regarding astrology, it is still a form of knowledge that sure as shooting provides the individual with some insight about life and introduces him to different kinds of thinking it should be even impute for this reason alone, my studies in Astrology, as well as in other fields, are attempts to understand the stately design of the whole (Astrology? 894). Scientists also accuse Astrological interpretive knowledge of not being aim stars incline but do not compel (A critical? 882), and this fact works against scientific logic which is sharp and determinant. But actually, life in it self is never exact or straight earlier and c lear as mathematical knowledge entails for instance. Astrology may actually provide the best for of understanding of life and nature it allows people to understand reality the way it is without trying to alter its nature. The whole issue of prediction and future related knowledge can never be definite or in full explainable, to discuss future probabilities is much like giving a weather report (Astrology? 896).On the other hand, it should be admitted that Astrological knowledge may help in creating dependent and weak individuals, if they used it slanderly. It efficiency lead them to spin in a cycle, which they might not be able to break. People can stress too much on the intuitive knowledge in Astrology and thus at one time again altering its balance of logic and intuition and thus getting again a wrong insight about life and nature, with an accompanied change in personality and attitude to life Astrology, when unspoilt as completely as possible, takes away from ach of us our r ight and duty to make our own personal decisions (A Critical? 882). In the case of a scientist who puts great emphasis on logic and excludes intuition, makes him a rough and rigid person who stands weak in front of the scientifically unexplained mysteries of the world while in the case of the ignorant who does the opposite to give too much significance to intuition and disregards reason suffers another kind of weakness that creates a dependent and shattered personality.But again we must also admit that this would be the case with any field if wrongly interpreted. All in all, I believe that Astrology is a sophisticated form of knowledge that should be respected for the special thinking abilities it provides an individual who studies it. It also reflects on the importance of providing a balance between Art and Science, and thus between logic and intuition, which is plunge deep within the nature of man and the universe he lives in.I would very strongly urge on all institutions of hig h education to teach Astrology in order to correct the misunderstanding empower to it, and thus expose the rich and deep knowledge it provides. Works Cited Bok, Bart J. A Critical watch at Astrology. The Humanist Costello, Priscilla. Astrology, Science or Abracadabra? Wellesley College.

History 7a Mid- Term Essay Example for Free

record 7a Mid- Term EssayThe Era of Exploration witnessed the rapid political, economic, and social intrusion of Europe into the New World. among the 15th and 17th Centuries several countries influenced the developement of the Americas. Select the most successful and infleuntial colony and compare it with another European compound structure. Be sure to include historical themes in your written argument. 3.The key to the colonial, structure of the fall in States in firmly established in 17th Century England. In reality, the foudation of the United States is a demonstration of this country. Trace the economic/political/cultural influences of Britain on our colonial structure. In your a nswer include most-valuable individuals, governmental structures, events, social policies and historical themes. 4. Analzye and contrast the historical culture of the Southern Colonies 1603- 1783.In your answer, include historical themes, reasons for colonial impementation, regional developm ent, economic structure, religious importance or lack of it, the instittution of Slavery and the ramifications of these colnies on the development of the United States. 5. New England is the mother culture of Modern United States. Analyze thsis statement by describing the Colonial Foudation of, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut and New Hampshire 1620-1783.How have their histories infleunced the development of contemporary United States? How have these areas impacted our societys

Energy Conservation Essay Example for Free

faculty Conservation EssayAbstract The gap between supply and study of postcode is continuously change magnitude despite huge expense for nonhing field since independency. Further the brining of fossil fuel is resulting in nursery gases which argon detrimental to the surroundings. The gap between supply and demand of push can be bridged with the suspensor of postal code conservation which whitethorn be considered as a new source of nix which is environment friendly. The nil conservation is exist effective with a short payback period and modest investment. thither is a good scope of pushing conservation in various spheres, viz industry agriculture, transport and domestic, This cover will give overview of energy conservation in Indian scenario.IntroductionIndia today has a colossal population of more than than 1.20 one million millions out of which nearly 75% be living in rural areas. vital force and development are inter-related. In order to have sustainabl e growth rate. It is imperative to have equal energy for brassatic development in various sectors. muscularity sector has received top precedence in all told fivesome year pains so far. During seventh Five stratum aims 30% of the think outlay was allotted to this sector. The installed might of electric index has emergenced from 1362 MW. At the time of independence to a staggering 70,000 MW. Despite such actionments, the gap between demand and supply of electrical energy is change magnitude every year as power sector is highly capital-intensive. The deficit in installed cognitive content was nearly 10,000 MW, by the and of eleventh five year plan. It is estimated that in 2011 alone India has lost above 10.0 billion US$ in manufacturing productivity because for power is projected to grow by 7 to 10% per year for the next 10 years.The working group on power had recommended capacity addendum program of 46,645 MWduring the twelveth plan period along with the associated t ransmission and dispersion works at a follow of Rs. 12, 26,000 corer. With this capacity addition there would have been a peak power shortage of 15.3 portion by the end of the twelfth plans. The proven reserves of fossil fuel in India are not very large. A study share of scarce foreign currency is earmarked for merchandise petroleum products. The bill of which is continuously increasing blacken reserve likely to be exhausted by the middle or centaury. Thus a barren scenario awaits India in future unless absolutely new strategies are adopted. In spite of huge plan outlay of energy sector in last 60 years, most of the rural population has not hitherto been able to reach the threshold of enough energy to meet their basic human get hold ofs.There appears to be something basically wrong in cooking. The planners have adopted the western model of centralized energy system without indispensable modification to suit Indian condition. In future the energy conservation would assume more significance globally on the basis of the effect of burning fossil fuel on environment, in particular the global warming rather than the depletion of fossil fuel reserves and other consideration. field wise energy economic outlay area Industry Transport Residential Agriculture Others %power usage 49% 22% 10% 5% 14%THE SCOPE AND POTENTIALThe developing countries like India are obliged to fight a certain growth rate for which energy is a basic ingredient. Failure to meet the energy demand for the basic needs of the economy will cause inflation unemployment and socio economic disorder. The major energy projects are capital-intensive and result in the degradation of the environment and ecology. energy readiness and conservation in the yesteryear have been neglected on the assumption of continuous availability of fossil fuel. zero conservation is the system of adjusting and optimizing energy using systems and procedures to reduce energy requirements per unit of out stray without affecting socio-economic development. Energy conservation promoter going with what is for sale, while in developed countries 1% increase in G.N.P. needs barely 0.6% increase in energy consumption in whereas in India the corresponding increase in energy consumption is nearly 1.5% 1. Transmission and Distribution Losses India has a complex transmission and distribution ne dickensrk.The Transmission and distribution (T D) losings in Indian Power Systems are rather high. match to Central Electricity sanction (CEA) statistics, on all India basis the losses are around 20 percent. According to the estimates of a some other independent agencies, the real TD losses may be even higher than this figure power systems with those of more developed In order to estimate the cost effectiveness of the various modern techniques ready(prenominal) for reduction of TD losses in the context of Indian environment, it is essential to have an idea regarding the energy losses taking place at t he various stages of transmission and distribution of power as well as a further breakup of the line losses and trans course of studyation losses. The TD losses can be divided in to two parts, namely. Extra-high voltage (EHV) /High Voltage (HV) transmission and low voltage distribution. protrude of total 15% TD losses driveed to be achieved. 2. Long Term Conservation Objectives of Energy4. To take go to prevent inefficient use of energy in future projects, buildings, products, processes and so on in every sector of energy use.3. Areas of Energy ConservationThe main areas where conservation was possible are as follows1. Improvement in power factor would result in reduction in actual maximum demand on the system. 2. Improvement in localize load factor results in optimum utilization of plant capacity and increasing production. 3.80% of the industrial electricity consumption is accounted for by induction motors which are mostly used for hearting and compressor application, etc. 4. Various furnaces, electrolysis baths and vessels operating at higher temperature are found to have inadequate insulation. Higher start temperature means loss of electrical form of energy by radiation. This can easily be prevented by applying proper insulation to limit the surface temperature rise above ambient up to 200C.New Concerpts in Energy ConservationEnergy Conservation offers a practical means of achieving development goals. It enhances the international engagement of industry in world markets by reducing the cost of production. It optimizes the use of capital resources by amusing lesser amounts in conservation investments as against huge capital investment in power sector. It helps environment in the short run by reducing pollution and in the long run by reducing the scope of global climatic changes.Energy conservation is a decentralized issue and mostly depends on the individual unlike decisions of energy supply which are highly centralized. The housewife, the car driv er, the boiler streetwalker in industry and every other individual who consumes energy in some form or other is requiring participating in energy saving measures. In order to have energy efficiency strategies really effective some conceptual changes are imperative. Conservation must be recognized as a new source of Energy- a benign and clean source1. To bring attitudinal changes in all energy users so that they strive for maximum energy efficiency in all products, projects, buildings, processes, domestic and technicalised use, agricultural and transport use in consistent with economic considerations. 2. Take necessary steps to delay those who fail to fall in line with the above changes. 3. To adopt policies which make energy conservation swooning and attractive for being adopted by all energy users.End use management of energy demand should not be met by increased supply only. Energy efficiency is the most cost effective way to bridge the gap between supply and demand. In the past the energy planning was based on continuous supply of fossil fuel. What matters to a consumer of energy is not energy per so but the services it provides cooking. Lighting, motive power etc. thus the true indicator of development is not the magnitude of per capita energy consumption, but the level of energy services provided.A stage has reached when developing countries need not to look at energy consumption per capita as a sign of development and growth. The economics of major power projects ignore the time value of money. The gestation period of the project is ignored. Thus the projects which issue physical benefits after many years are treated at par with projects that yield spry benefits. Thus no attention is gainful to when the returns are obtained.subsidies, liberalization of licenses and loans at concessional calls. It is in this context that industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI) has introduced to abstracts, with a sharp focus on energy conservation objective s in industries. These system of ruless are (a) Energy Audit Subsidy Scheme, and (b) Equipment Finance for Energy Conservation Scheme. These Schemes which were initially in operation for a period of 2 years have been extended up to the end of the twelvth Five Year think. . a) Energy Audit Subsidy SchemesENERGY AUDIT AND FINANCIAL INCENTIVES 1) Energy Audit The Energy Audit is an history tool, an analytical device to detect energy waste.. One series of entries consists of amounts of energy which were consumed during the month in the form of electricity, gas, fuel, oil, steam and the second series lists how the energy was used how much for lighting, air conditioning, heating, production processes and other activities.Energy Audit, therefore, is a crucial tool for energy management because it indicates the scope for conservation by identifying the waste areas. near 20-30 percent savings on energy can, at a conservative estimate, be easily achieved by any industry, if energy conserv ation measured identified by energy surveys are adopted. Moreover, at least 10 percent savings are possible simply by following good hold practices which require no investment whatsoever. Even when a conservation measure demands investment, it is generally always paid back in less than two years. 2) Financial IncentivesAssistance would be available to a lower place this scheme for preliminary as well as for detailed energy audit. The charges of the approved consultancy agency for carrying out the energy audit would be partly subsidized by IDBI which will bear 50% of the cost, the balance to be borne by the applicant confederation. For preliminary audit, the amount of subsidy available under(a) this scheme per undertaking/ community would be limited to Rs. 10,000 or 0.01 percent of gross fixed assets of the undertaking/company whichever is less. The limit of assist for detailed energy audit would be Rs. 1.00 lakh or 0.05% of the gross fixed assets of the undertaking/company whic hever is lower. Assets value shall be exclusive of revaluation reserves. b) Equipment Finance For Energy Scheme conservationFor the purposes of EFEC scheme, equipment shall include plant machinery, miscellaneous fixed assets erection and installation charges, technical know-how fees for designs and drawings. Assistance under the scheme would be available only for installation of equipment for effecting energy conservation in the existing plants/processes and not for expansion or diversification of production capacities, even though, the same may also result in energy conservation.Assistance under the scheme would be in the form of term loan. APPROACHESAND CHALLENGES Approaches The various approaches of energy conservation may be divided into (i) short-term measures (ii) mediumterm measures and (iii) long-term measures. All the short-term as well as medium term measures for the energy intensive sectors may be taken up immediately so that their benefits can be realized during 12th pl an itself. Further, the programmes for long-Recognizing the importance of energy conservation projects by the Government and the financial institutions in terms of concessions/reliefs income-tax, excise duties, customs duties, sales tax, term measures should also be initiated simultaneously during the 12th plan hey include1) Software componentsThese include (a) Promotion, motivation education, dissemination of information, data bank and creation of national Energy Conservation centre (b) Promotion of RD in technologies, equipment etc. (c) Promotion of studies on policies, economics of energy use, demand management, various types of survey etc. (d) Developments of standards. (e) Rectification programmes. They include2) Hardware Components The following are included under this category. A. Energy efficient projects in all the sectors including co-generation. B. Demonstration projects-Models of efficient appliances, demonstration centres etc.Energy may not be very cooperative as there is an information gap in these areas. The creation of a database and its scientific analysis is the backbone of any future planning and decision making. There are certain challenges in effective implementation of energy efficiency programmes. Some of them are given down the stairs technological Economics Motivation and Awareness Institutional and Legislation . STRATEGIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS In sixth Five Year Plan (1980-84) for the first time the significance of energy efficiency and conservation was realized. In the Seventh Five Year Plant document too the Planning Commission identified energy conservation and efficiency as thrust areas based on the recommendations of the inter Ministerial working Group (IMWG) (1983) on energy conservation.The Eleventh Year Plan document has also emphasized the implementation of rectification programmes for agricultural pump sets for achieving energy efficiency in the agricultural sector. Even though the Eleventh Five Year Plan realized the opp ortunity, potential and need for energy conservation it did not incorporate any concrete programmes, policies and budgetary provision in this regard. The working Group on Energy conservation has recommended a comprehensive scheme for twelvth Five Year Plan period. This includes awareness programmes, schooling, development, question, energy audit, energy efficiency measures in various sectors, providing subsidies to implementing agencies and finish other aspects as well. The status of energy conservation in various sectors is as follows 1. Agricultural SectorC. Technology import/up-gradation-Acquisition of state-of-art technology through foreign collaborations. D. Strengthening of Transmission and Distribution systems of various soil Electricity Boards to reduce the system losses to 15% range. E. Development of infrastructure such as benefit of transport systems, communication systems, electrification of railways etc. 2. Stages of Energy EfficiencyThe different types of activiti es of energy efficiency could be put into four distinct categories. The first two types given below concern existing plants and equipment and latter two to new ones Soft or managerial Solutions Modest Investment New Technology of Production Technological Break through Challenges One important factor in achieving energy efficiency and conservation target is the response of the and-user. As often, the behavior of many end-users ofThe farmers in the country have installed about 18 million pumps operated by diesel/electricity. These roughly consume 30 billion kWh of electricity and 6 billion litres of diesel. It is necessary to provide the much needed irrigation to the crops but, unfortunately, the pumping systems adopted have remained inefficient and the consumption of electricity and diesel has been 50 to 100 percent more than what it should be.Regarding petroleum products, India produces hardly 60% of the required crude oil indigenously, importing more than Rs. 15,000 crores worth of crude oil and petroleum products to meet the current demand. The excessively wasteful consumption of energy in the agricultural sector has to stop both for conserving energy per se and reducing the irrigation cost for the farmers. There has been an increase in the absolute consumption of energy in agricultural sector. The electricity consumption has grown at the rate of 14.4% per annum whereas the oil consumption has increased at the rate of 10.1% per annum.2. Transport Sectorof light bulb known as E-lamp (electronic light) has been introduced recently in USA. This lamp is supposed to consume 75 percent less electricity than conventional incandescent lamp. Its lifetime is between 15,000 to 20,000 hours. The E-lamp has made its bid to develop the twitch Disc of residential lighting, but events during the next few years may determine whether it will become a household word. 4) Industrial SectorThe sector uses, nearly thirty two percent of the commercial energy. This sector is se cond only to industrial sector. Further, this sector is heavily dependent on petroleum products. upshot of petroleum is nearly 35 percent of total expenditure on imports in India. Its consumption is increasing at an annual rate of 6 to 8 percent. Automobiles thus offer one of the most lustrous areas for major savings. There are tow modes of transport which are most common, viz. rail and road. different the railway, the road sector is not wholly in the organized sector and hence its database is rather weak.The road transport has increased very fast during last decade or so. One approach to achieve energy conservation is to shift a part of the traffic from road to rail. It is imperative to develop research and development activities in the direction of improving the fuel efficiency of vehicles and developing alternate energy sources. According to the report of Advisory Board on Energy the conservation potential in transport sector is nearly 20% which can be achieved by an investme nt of Rs. 890 crores. Conservation measures would yield an annual savings of Rs. 765 crores and avoid an investment of Rs. 432 crores for creating additional energy capacity. A series of measures including operation control, upgrading drivers skills training programmes to create fuel conservation consciousness and proper use of clutches, reduction of body weight, speed restrictions and meliorate over hauling practices has been recommended.

Hinduism Research Paper Essay Example for Free

Hindiism Research Paper EssayFor me, the figure out of reading this parting and sorting the confusion of thoughts thereafter exuberant to frame intimately, involved several attempts to reading, piece and letting it go. As I read through this section with much anticipation, I found my ego fight to capture the essence of the day throws of Kant, Weber, Marx, Hegel and new(prenominal)s. After numerous readings, I realised that I was reading about contemporaneousness through the perspective of western philosophical writers and social thinkers. My eastern heritage and western pedagogics had both(prenominal)how missed adequate information on both Hinduism and a balanced approach to modernity. As I read the writings of Smith, shortly after the first page, the expectation of deepening my understanding of Hinduism was pushed to the digest burner and I received an education on western philosophical and social thought. That was disap pull downing because I had applyd to post ulate much about Hinduism and its place in the modern day. My expectation was that somehow the compose would reconcile so called rational theorisations (that I too am very attached to) and the in-explainable Hindu concepts that I was familiar with.Unfortunately, other than analyseing shadows of faith based thinking in Hegel, the section on Hinduism and modernity abruptly ends with half-size or no understanding on Hinduism and the assortment of modern day theorists do non brace the intellectual divide between the two concepts. A couple of days after reading this section and failing to write any thoughts, I suddenly realised another obstacle in my thinking. When I lived in India, amidst the Indian culture, I had come to accept Hinduism as the modern holiness as debate to Christianity or Islam.The basis of this label was that Hinduism lacked a book or social organizationd definitions and paid no help to conversion of others to Hinduism. As an organised religion, it was wonde rfully ambiguous, largely spiritual and fall in to individual expression. It was okay to imprison rituals or practices that did not my approval. That essence of Hinduism that I carried from my stay in India was a sharp contrast to the authors perspective of Hinduism being the example of a traditional religion, and perhaps a far proclaim from modernity.My personal thought is that Hinduism, like philosophical or social theory has over the last 2000 prescribed years been defined by male dominated patriarchal societies. Like the cream on homespun Indian yogurt, that layer needs to be peeled aside to study the essence of Hinduism or modernity and understand the closeness they share. European Discovery of Hinduism from Hinduism and Modernity The European discovery of Hinduism spans a period from the fifteenth coulomb when the ports of Goa opened up for the Portuguese traders to the 18th century when the British begin to live in India and acculturate themselves with some of the Indi an traditions.In these three hundred years, India seemed to change from an isolated country hush-hush from the world, to a country that could no longer hide its spices, its riches and its culture. Sadly though, the discovery of Hinduism for non Indians did not stick out a clear theoretical base, and was dependant on a largely oral and abstractly indite sparse Hindu religious/ heathen history, during a time when the Indian society was not open to sharing with the outside world.As a result, the accounts of Hinduism written by visitors depicted the Hindu religion as grotesque or insipid, by European writers who travelled to India and experienced the culture from their biblical eyes. The practice of sati, the non much(prenominal) of kings, the extreme deprivation of Brah earthly concerns and the overly sexualised art altogether presented a confusing picture that could not be corrected, because the language of India was not understood by the Europeans. To their sensibilities, the way s of the Indians were horrifying to say the least.The Europeans in India, who could have had the chance to experience the Hindu culture first hand, also were kept at the fringes by the Indians, as per the writings of Bentinck in 1807. It seemed as though their (European) needs and business were taken care for them, without them disturbing the hierarchy and the dictates of the local culture. At this point, it seems as though the hierarchical society in India was interchangeably used to represent the Hindu religion. There seemed to be very little understanding of the Hindu religion apart from the social structure, with the educational activitys of he religion being a closely guarded secret, by the priests and the wealthy. The fact that that Indians were not open to foreigners examining their religion is evident from Berniers writings. Berniers base of atomism of Gassendi could have led to a productive substitute between the European and Indian culture, however, it seemed as if he gave up because he could not visualise a coherent Hindu cosmological theory and the pundit who was his only source of information, did not have complete skills to dialogue.There were sporadic writings through this time, for example by Abraham Roger, 1649, themed on Paganism that attempted to signalise the Hindu culture of India, but at some point they tended to disintegrate into a judgemental dismissal of the dust of knowledge that was very unalike to say the least. There always seemed to be enough examples to create caricatures and impel the western world, that India was not worthy of serious enquiry.All in all, from a modern day perspective, it seems that the Indians had created octuple layers to protect themselves from invaders, missionaries, scholars, traders all of them having an agenda to rip open the cultural centre and expose the vulnerability to the world. So it seems that visitors were kept at bay, attached spices, gold, and sent on their way. The resistance also ca me from an established social structure and was maintained by those in power, for whom, it made sense to keep up the confusing and diffused aura, so they may profit as the privileged few who understood both sides.Marx and Webers writings in the nineteenth century are also historical sources of information on this time, although Marx did not write anything that helped the world understand Hinduism. Weberss writings did contain some key concepts which were central to the Hindus, such as Samskaras or Karma but also contained some extreme views which were more true of Webers own personal struggles and growth. It was not until the late 18th century, under the colonial rule by the British, that Indians met westerners as friends, who wanted to understand or join the Indian culture, without an agenda.Around that time, Indians within India had also begun to look beyond their borders and the environment seemed ready for cultural exchange. The exchanges thereafter where both the Indian and th e British culture absorbed elements from each other created an environment where a genuine interest could sustain and studies could be d angiotensin-converting enzyme. Dayananda Saraswati from A Source-Book of Modern Hinduism Dear Sikander Bhaiya, I came across something elicit and wanted to share it with you. Im taking a class in Hinduism, about 10,000 miles past from home, and learning about Dayananda Saraswati, who as it turns out, is the founder of our Arya Samaj sect.You may recognize the Arja Samaj nurseries near our hearth, well here is some information behind the teachings at these schools. As my professor says, Swami Dayananda was born into a Brahmin family in 19th century India. But ace point you should know is that his real describe is Mool Shankar and he was born in Gujrat. He found the Arya Samaj, meaning cultural organization, after an impacting event during the night of Shivratri. When mice ran all over shiva and ate the offerings given(p) to him, he could not understand why the idol could not defend himself from a mouse.Then, after the expiration of his sister from cholera, he no longer believed and degraded idol worship. That is when he created the Arya Samaj driveway for citizenry who do not believe in idol worship. Nevertheless, Swami Dayananda did not form the Arya Samaj based on this one principle, looking at Hinduism as a whole he rejected all the trickery and created an body who believed in all the devout in Hinduism. Swami Dayananda studied believed in the Vedic scriptures. whizz such notion he believed in was Moksha. Moksha is the escape from the reincarnation cycle and to finally become one with deity.But, I personally believe that reincarnation is not bad and have no desire to escape this cycle. why would one not appreciate the sustenance idol has given us and instead escape life to be absorbed into the soul of the Divine Spirit? As Swami Dayananda proclaims Moksha is not e bitcipation but death or annihilation. Death and annihilation are not words that come with a good meaning. Not everyone should be influenced to submit Moksha but instead be grateful for and enjoy what God has given us. Education is the sector in which Swami Dayananda made the most progress. For one, he wanted the Veda Bhashya to be translated into English in order to pread the information contained in these scriptures to the Europeans. He also believed in equal education for all. At his point of time in history women were not given the same rights as men and were often unexpended to take upon simple maiden tasks. But he stated that this would cause warfare in the house. Women will also be wanted as teachers in all girls school and knowledgeable enough to be involved in administrative affairs. In addition, Swami Dayananda urged teachers and their scholars not to give into corrupt acts that could prevent teaching or learning.I think he wanted to ensure that people and their actions were not what kept them from acquiring knowle dge. I greatly support Swami Dayanandas belief that marriage should be Swayamvara. He believes that a military man and a women should suit each other before marriage so they will be happier. In addition, he condemns child marriage, which usually results in women becoming widowed at a young age. This is such a pervasive phenomenon that completely stopping child marriage has still not occurred in India. kinda he added another custom that women tin can remarry as long as they were not carry out in their first marriage.This allows women to live a normal married life later on. I hope this letter has given you some light on Dayananda Saraswati and his Arya Samaj principles. Read on about this great Indian leader, his principles are inspiring. Tanya Ramakrishna Paramahansa, from A Source Book of Modern Hinduism Ramakrishna Paramahansa was a famous follower of Bhakti traditions of 19th century India. He was born into a poor Brahmin Vaishnava family in a Bengal village where he prone h is life to strenuous spiritual discipline (Richards,63) to reach union with the Divine, whom for Ramakrishna was barilla.He became a priest of the Dakshineswar samphire Temple near Kolkata, the city where his portrait hangs on every corner. Ramakrishna understood that Hinduism is like a shoreless naval but still has two main facets Bhakti and Jnana, methods to become union with the Divine. He had chosen the Bhakti path to reach full consciousness with his Divine female parent, Kali. But he does not narrow his view of religion and God to only Kali. I agree with Ramakrishna when he says that God comes in various forms and as one becomes more de votingd to God they begin to understand the wholeness of Gods existence in this universe.When one sees Kali, the idol, with a naked eye they see black. But her color can be compared to the blue sky, as one approaches the sky they realize it has no color. Yet, the sky is nowhere and everywhere, just like Kali. So, as one comes closer to Kali you will see her without color. Indians believed that there once existed Asuras , demons, who were tall, dark skinned and out to harm. Kali is a goddess who absorbed the negative physical attributes of the Asuras, and then her dark colored skin, but on the indoors is a goddess who embodies Shakti, empowerment and cleverness.In India, Kali is considered the most powerful women who kills all evil and absorbs their poison so others are void of it. She is a powerful female warrior, which goes against the stereotype that men are the ones who hold the strength and power to fight. Hinduism as a religion gives great power to women, unlike the society which strips women of their influence. I potently support Ramakrishnas perspective that each religion is only a path leading to God (Richard, 65). I admire the galore(postnominal) rivers into one ocean analogy used to describe his idea of different religions but only one God.He was accepting of all other religions and believed it is not g ood to tincture that ones religion alone is true and all others are false (Richard, 65). One can see that equality was important to Ramakrishna whether it was through religion, the caste system or gender rules. He illustrated that by finding have a go at it for God, ones mind, body and soul no longer belong as a part of the cast system. In addition, during Ramakrishnas time in history women were not given the same rights as men and were often demeaned.But his belief that women should be worshiped as embodiments of the Divine Mother (Richard, 73) severed this separation. I greatly admire Ramakrishna as he demonstrates his idea of duties undertaken by people for name and fame, resulting in an individuals ego. Duties that are made and carried out by ones self is not as selfless as those completed as they are presented. Success from carrying out duties is what creates a persons ego. The ego makes people individuals and separates them into you and I. But God sees everyone as one and wi shes others would see the same.The only means by which all individuals can become one is by going away from the world into solitude (Richard, 69). This moves the individual away from the distractions of the Maya and allows one to concentrate on the inner self to breach the love of God. With the love of God and as part of one, they are no longer an individual ego. Mahatma Gandhi from Gandhis Key Writings In Search of Unity Let me tell you about a man named Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, who is known as Mahatma, meaning great soul, Gandhi. Mahatma Gandhi was born in 1869 to a Vaishnava family.His mother and father were greatly religious people and influenced his perception of the world. However, growing up, he realized he was not a man of religion but of ethics. His interest in ethics drove him to study Law in London, England. With a background in Law, Mahatma Gandhi set out to create equality and morality amongst the people. His first attempt was in reciprocal ohm Africa where he went to attain civil rights for the 62,000 Indians living there as laborers. At that time, Indians were not allowed to vote and were deprived of many other human rights.The civil rights movement lead by Mahatma Gandhi in southeastward Africa is where he found Satyagraha. Satyagraha as a theoretical principle was first introduced in Mahatma Gandhis book Hind Swaraj and he shows how he used this philosophical principle in southmost Africa through his book Satyagraha In South Africa. Satyagraha is a theory that recognizes the universal possibility of goodness and virtue (Suhrud,78). The original Gujurati gloss of Mahatma Gandhis book is Dakshin Africa Na Satyagraha No Itihas (Suhrud, 77) when translated into English it would read A History of Satyagraha in South Africa.However, Mahatma Gandhi had a strong stance between the words Itihas and History, even though they can be considered direct translations of each other. He believed that Itihas in English means its so happened as inapprop riate to history because for him history is associated with a past filled with wars and hatred. This is a glimpse of how Mahatma Gandhi coined the term Satyagraha as a soul force that is completely void of violence. (Suhrud, 77) Satyagrahas meaning has many faces and the theory itself comes along with many value, but the real meaning of Satyagraha is holding on to truth.According to Mahatma Gandhi this meaning should insinuate love and firmness, bringing about non-violence. This is a separate term from passive resistance, because the latter is still considered a ordnance using violence. In fact, one of the principles of Satyagraha is Ahimsa meaning non-violence. Mahatma Gandhi started the Satyagraha struggle in South Africa with a series of non-violent protests. One such act was the burning of registration certificates at a community bonfire. This bonfire was an act of defiance against the Asiatic Registration Act of 1907.The means by which Gandhi took a stance against the act brok e the law, hence he took the corresponding penalty i. e. multiple blows to the head. As a Satyagrahi, Gandhi did not respond to the violent punishment but instead attempted to get back on his feet and continue burning the registration certificates. imputable to Gandhis persistence, he was thrown in jail for not succumbing to the police. This is one brutal example of how Mahatma Gandhi implement Satyagraha in South Africa.Mahatma Gandhi believed that morals and ethics were essential in order to create unity amongst societies and the people within them. From moral and ethics he derived a dogma known as Satyagraha whose core values are truth and ahimsa. Mahatma Gandhi adopted this attitude and applied it in any of his rebellious acts in South Africa. This was an astute strategy he created, so regardless of his actions that stood against the power, he was still ethically correct, making it more difficult for the authorities to bring him down. In this manner, Mahatma Gandhi attained ci vil rights for the Indians in South Africa.

Oedipus Rex Essay Example for Free

Oedipus Rex EssayOedipus Rex was written during the fifth century. A time when Rome was in federal agency and Athens was the center of the world. In this time people beleived that gods controlled all. Fate and requisite could never be fly and as is shown in this play, no one can change their own destiny. The fact that this play takes come in in less than one eld time means that many desicions are made in a rash and uninformed fashion. After finding out that his destiny has been fulffiled Oedipus blinds himself out of pain and the care that he would never look upon the misery and horror that he himself has unknowingly created. The play is set in Thebes, recently a great powerfull city, yet has been stuck by sickness and death. Most of the action takes place inside the coutyard of the Kings palace. This setting represents power and assurance. The fact that Oedipus does non go to anyone, everyone, including his wife comes to him suggests this arrogance. He still veneration s the destiny foretold to him, scarce he beleives that he can change that destiny by staying away from his family. Pg. 59 line 360 tells of this fear and belief. As, that I should lie with my own mother, breed children from whom all men would turn their eyes And that I should be my fathers murderer.I heard all this, and fled. And from that day Corinth to me was ony in the stars. Descending in that quarter of the sky, as I wandered farther and farther on my way to a land where I should never see the criminal sung by the oracle. Most other men in this time would except their mickle, but his arrogance will not let him. His beleif that he can cheat fate is ultimatly what is destroying the people of Thebes. Oedipuss family is a heterogeneous tangle of lies made by people who also tried to cheat fate. The family that he beleives is his own in fact is not.The fact that he is even alive to recieve this family is not supposed to be. He left his foster parents never to return once he le arned of his destiny thinking that he could prevent this from comming true. He denied to himself the knowledge that these were not his real parents. This is told on Pg. 59 line 345 At a feast, a boozy man maundering in his cups cries out that I am not my fathers tidings. I contained myself that night, thought I tangle anger and a sinking heart. This tells me that in his heart he knew that it was a true statement but could not admit it to himself. His true father was Liaos, King of Thebes.Liaos had been told of his fate by the oracle that he would be killed by his own son. So like father like son, Liaos also tried to cheat fate as told by Iokoste on Pg. 59 line 260 But his child had not been three days in this world before the King had pierced the babys ankles and left him to die on a solitary mountainside. Oedipus celebrated the death of his father and therefore his succesfull escape from the prophesies of the oracle. But as he was told this news he was also told again that he was not his fathers son. The messenger on Pg 62 line 137 states Polybos is not your.father. This parley continues on to tell the tale of how he was found as a child by a shepard with his ankles bound by a skewer. Polybos who had no children took in this baby as his own. This is when Oedipus finally starts to reallize that he was Liaoss son but he will not accept it until he confirms this with the shepard who had found him. Iokaste, his wife obviously realizes that his destiny has become fullfilled and that she is not only his wife but his mother as well. She is angry and wishes that Oedipus will not know the truth of his parentage. She states on PG. 62 line 217. You are fatally wrong May you never learn who you are But as oedipus speaks with the shepherd he learns again of his horrible fate. on Pg 64 beginning at line 110 Oedipus finally admits to himself after being told numerous times that he has already unknowingly fufilled his own destiny. Shepherd For if you are what this man says you are, no man living is more than wretched and oedipus. Oedipus Ah God It is true All the prophecies Now, O light , may I look on you for the last time I, Oedipus, Oedipus, damned in his birth, in his marriage, damned, damned in the blood he toss with his own hand

English Composition Essay Example for Free

slope Composition EssayIn the diorama of writing English composition, several rules and guidelines must be followed for the aspect of clarity, clearness, and understandability. This grammar rules are established to follow a clear and concise presentation of the ideas and concepts being communicated in separately composition. Included in these guidelines and rules is the use of spokespersons and how they are utilize to promote the main parametric quantity in apiece composition.In the use of examples in the English composition, several approaches are established to guide the use of this outline for the clearness in the composition. First, is using example in a word or phrase employing poor approaches towards the presentation. The second is through sentence-length examples, which are more unique(predicate) as they employ the idea along with the specific example explaining the said concept.Third is through the use of extended examples, which are commonly to be an intact p aragraph for more detailed explanation and presentation. For better composition, most writer use different styles and connect different approaches in a single essay for more detailed explanation of the main topic. For example, in the composition of John Head entitled The Brutal Business of Boxing, the author was able to clear and specifically presents his topic and ideas through the use of both single word or phrase example and sentence-length examples.In most paragraphs, the author mentioned specific words to support his topic and in the others, he used the sentence-length examples, which includes the idea and the specific argument explaining the concept. Through this approach, the author has able to present clearly his main argument and reasons about his opinions towards the brutal nature of boxing explaining why the said act should be condone not as a sport but as an uncivilized fight in the society.

Social Networking Effects on Society Essay Example for Free

Social Ne iirking Effects on Society establishAre Social networking sites ostracisely affecting our society as a whole? Currently, some media sources ar claiming complaisant networking sites like Facebook having a negative effect on society. Social networking sites should be used to the token(prenominal) as possible, if it was not used as much the society could have a lot more than free season, less bullying, and fifty-fifty less social. Even though umpteen businesses can say it is steady-going for the society in a modality where pot can get more information or even do business meetings on Skype, another networking site. This paper is going to give information or so all in all things that can affect people in negative ways. Even though there are a few ways it can help, it can still be dangerous without the right precautions. In this example of a social networking site becoming dangerous for society, Jain R. Rishbabh, a writer for the day-by-day Iowan newspaper, R ishbabh finds champion student at the University of Iowa who deleted his Facebook account.It just seemed a little ironic to me that a social-networking site was essentially making our society less social. The student said he was annoyed at the fact he was wasting his time by going on these sites just to look at other peoples lives. Rishbabh found some information saying that people are spending less time on Facebook than usual. They are calveying like it is 2006, said David Perlmutter, the director of the School of Journalism and Mass Communication at the University of Iowa. He meant by this that people are less active on social networking sites like in 2006 when it wasnt as popular. Mainly he is stating that he believes that some(prenominal) people arent using social networking sites as much because they are beginning to realize that it is wasting their time, much like the student who deleted his Facebook account, and many people are just getting annoyed of its success. Rishbab h used ethos in a pretty hard-hitting way by quoting actual students and socially respectable people.He also used pathos, first by quoting a student who said he it was effecting his study time, and again by scaring you to delete the facebook if you want to do better in school and social life. The logical appeal in which Jain Rishbabh used was that he brought up statistics from the magazine The Inquisitor stating that in recent year facebook growth users has dropped from 89 percent all the way down to a mere five percent. There is another name that has been gave insight on how time is wasted on social networking site. Frazzled by Facebook? an article that was written by Sharon Thompson and Eric Loghead, who are precedents for the College school-age child Journal. In it they talk around how almost 75% of teens and young adults are member of at to the lowest degree one social networking site(Thompson).The main argument is that using the profits communication for longer than a pe rson is suppose to be, may relate to social adjustment problems. They believe this is why because online communication is for the most part considered to be of poorer smell than Face-to-Face communication and that youth with social skill problems are often deawn to internet relationships. Thompson and Loghead created a survey, which included several questions regarding internet and social networking usage, such as in the past week, how many minutes per day have you spent on the internet? (Thompson 4) and in the past week, how many time have you visited a social networking site?(Thompson 4).Results revealed that average people who were on thses sites were mainly college students around 19 years of age. Their social behavior was changed because of the large amounts of time the students where on the networking sites. Then the survey testers were split into two different groups, first group was the testers who are users who donts spend a lot of time on a social networking site and th e second group consisted of users who are on a site for mare than one hour per day. From these studies, it shows that Teens and young adults are spending more time that the Facebook Intensity Scale had expected (FBI). immediately it seems like bullying is happening more than ever. Cyber bullying may play a big part in that, probably because of the large blow up in the social networking sites, and that most people on the sites are the ages between 16 and 21( ). Cyber bullying affects everyone from young children to even college students. Cyber bullying is defined as restate harm inflicted by the use of computers, cell phones and other electronic devices, according to the Cyber bullying Research Center. Samantha Miller, an author who wrote an article about cyber bullying and its effect which featured in the American Observer, finds that the cyber bullying is more parkland than most expect it to be. She also finds out there are many types of this cyber bullying.She calls one an invis ible tormenter which she gives an example where, a random girl, that was bullied and didnt even know about it, and she also did not even know who the person doing the bullying even was. Beyond the school house gates she talks about the laws against cyber bullying in 35 states the majority mainly prohibits the act on school grounds, according to the issue Conference of State Legislatures. Most of her article represents on how the children to young adults can get harmed mentally through some of these social networking sites, in this way it could be dangerous in a different way than most because bullying doesnt just hurt people physically but mentally and it could eventually lead to suicide (ABC NEWS). Another good argument about negative effects of social networking is an article written by Brian Feinstein. Called Another Venue for Problematic Interpersonal Behavior The Effects of Depressive and Anxious Symptoms on Social Networking Experiences.Three hundred and one participants co mpleted an initial survey and a follow-up survey. Results showed that depressive, orbiculate anxiety and social anxiety symptoms were not much related with changes in time spent on social networking sites. In contrast, the people being depressed were generally related with increases in negative interactions and negative influence following interactions. Further, global and social anxiety symptoms were generally not significantly associated with changes in the quality of social networking interactions. These findings say that social networking activities are another way in which psychological problems manifest in dysfunctional interpersonal interactions. (Feinstein) Further, different types of psychological problems appear to differentially influence social networking experiences.